महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-149, verse-102

भीष्म उवाच ।
गृध्रोऽनस्तमिते त्वाह गतेऽस्तमिति जम्बुकः ।
मृतस्य तं परिजनमूचतुस्तौ क्षुधान्वितौ ॥१०२॥

102. bhīṣma uvāca ,
gṛdhro'nastamite tvāha gate'stamiti jambukaḥ ,
mṛtasya taṁ parijanamūcatustau kṣudhānvitau.

102. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca gṛdhraḥ anastamite tvā āha gate astam iti
jambukaḥ mṛtasya tam parijanam ūcatuḥ tau kṣudhā anvitau

102. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca anastamite gṛdhraḥ tvā āha astam gate iti
jambukaḥ kṣudhā anvitau tau mṛtasya tam parijanam ūcatuḥ

102. Bhishma said: "When the sun had not yet set, the vulture spoke to that attendant, and when it had set, the jackal (spoke). Those two, afflicted by hunger, addressed that attendant of the deceased."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (speaking) (Bhishma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke (Bhishma) (said, spoke)

• गृध्रः (gṛdhraḥ) - a vulture (vulture, greedy)

• अनस्तमिते (anastamite) - when (the sun) had not yet set (not having set, un-set)

• त्वा (tvā) - to that attendant (referring to parijanam indirectly) (you (accusative))

• आह (āha) - said, spoke

• गते (gate) - when (the sun) had set (having gone, departed; when gone)

• अस्तम् (astam) - to setting, disappearance (setting, home, disappearance)

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this manner (marks direct speech or thought))

• जम्बुकः (jambukaḥ) - a jackal (jackal)

• मृतस्य (mṛtasya) - of the deceased man (of the dead, of a corpse)

• तम् (tam) - that (attendant) (him, that)

• परिजनम् (parijanam) - attendant, relative (attendant, relative, retinue)

• ऊचतुः (ūcatuḥ) - they both (vulture and jackal) spoke (they both said/spoke)

• तौ (tau) - those two (the vulture and the jackal) (those two, they both)

• क्षुधा (kṣudhā) - by hunger (by hunger, with hunger)

• अन्वितौ (anvitau) - afflicted by (hunger) (accompanied by, possessed of, affected by)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (speaking) (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; name of a celebrated hero in the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke (Bhishma) (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect 3rd person singular

From root √vac (to speak). Irregular perfect form.

Root: √vac (class 2)

गृध्रः (gṛdhraḥ) - a vulture (vulture, greedy)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛdhra

gṛdhra - vulture, greedy, longing for

अनस्तमिते (anastamite) - when (the sun) had not yet set (not having set, un-set)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of anastamita

anastamita - not having set, un-set, not disappeared

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'an' (negation) + 'astamita' (set, disappeared). 'astamita' from 'astam' (setting) + 'ita' (gone, PPP of √i).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+astamita)

• an – not, un-, negation
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• astamita – set, disappeared, gone to setting
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from 'astam' (setting) and 'ita' (gone, PPP of √i).
  Root: √i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'sūrye' (sun).

त्वा (tvā) - to that attendant (referring to parijanam indirectly) (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun.

Note: In narrative contexts, 'tvā' can sometimes refer to the person being spoken about in the story. Here, it refers to the attendant.

आह (āha) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √ah

Perfect 3rd person singular

From root √ah (to say). Irregular perfect form.

Root: √ah (class 2)

गते (gate) - when (the sun) had set (having gone, departed; when gone)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, arrived at

Past Passive Participle

From root √gam (to go)

Root: √gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'sūrye' (sun).

अस्तम् (astam) - to setting, disappearance (setting, home, disappearance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of astam

astam - setting (of the sun), home, disappearance

Often combined with √gam or √i to mean 'to set'.

इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this manner (marks direct speech or thought))

(indeclinable)

Particle marking direct speech or thought, or emphasizing a preceding word.

जम्बुकः (jambukaḥ) - a jackal (jackal)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jambuka

jambuka - jackal

Note: Implied "said" after 'jambukaḥ'.

मृतस्य (mṛtasya) - of the deceased man (of the dead, of a corpse)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased, a corpse

Past Passive Participle

From root √mṛ (to die).

Root: √mṛ (class 6)

तम् (tam) - that (attendant) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Qualifies 'parijanam'.

परिजनम् (parijanam) - attendant, relative (attendant, relative, retinue)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parijana

parijana - attendant, servant, retinue, family, relative

Formed from 'pari' (around) + 'jana' (person).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pari+jana)

• pari – around, fully, completely
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix
• jana – person, people, creature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'ūcatuḥ'.

ऊचतुः (ūcatuḥ) - they both (vulture and jackal) spoke (they both said/spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect 3rd person dual

From root √vac (to speak). Irregular perfect form.

Root: √vac (class 2)

Note: The subject is 'tau' (those two).

तौ (tau) - those two (the vulture and the jackal) (those two, they both)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, him, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'ūcatuḥ'.

क्षुधा (kṣudhā) - by hunger (by hunger, with hunger)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṣudh

kṣudh - hunger, appetite

Root noun.

Note: Instrument of 'anvitau'.

अन्वितौ (anvitau) - afflicted by (hunger) (accompanied by, possessed of, affected by)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of anvita

anvita - accompanied by, connected with, endowed with, afflicted by

Past Passive Participle

From 'anu' (after, with) + √i (to go).

Prefix: anu

Root: √i (class 2)

Note: Formed from 'anu' + √i.