महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-149, verse-81

बह्वलीकमसत्यं च प्रतिवादाप्रियंवदम् ।
इमं प्रेक्ष्य पुनर्भावं दुःखशोकाभिवर्धनम् ॥८१॥

81. bahvalīkamasatyaṁ ca prativādāpriyaṁvadam ,
imaṁ prekṣya punarbhāvaṁ duḥkhaśokābhivardhanam.

81. bahu alīkam asatyam ca prativādāpriyaṃvadam
imam prekṣya punarbhāvam duḥkhaśokābhivardhanam

81. imam punarbhāvam prekṣya bahu alīkam asatyam
ca prativādāpriyaṃvadam duḥkhaśokābhivardhanam

81. Observing this recurring existence (punarbhāva) — which is full of much falsehood and untruth, prone to unpleasant disputes, and which increases sorrow and grief —

Words meanings summery:

• बहु (bahu) - much, many, abundant

• अलीकम् (alīkam) - falsehood, untrue, vain

• असत्यम् (asatyam) - untruth, false, unreal

• च (ca) - and, also

• प्रतिवादाप्रियंवदम् (prativādāpriyaṁvadam) - speaking unpleasant counter-arguments, disagreeable in debate

• इमम् (imam) - this

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having observed

• पुनर्भावम् (punarbhāvam) - recurring existence (saṃsāra) (recurring existence, rebirth, cycle of becoming (saṃsāra))

• दुःखशोकाभिवर्धनम् (duḥkhaśokābhivardhanam) - increasing sorrow and grief, causing growth of misery and lamentation

Words meanings and morphology

बहु (bahu) - much, many, abundant

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant, numerous

Note: Qualifies 'alīkam' and 'asatyam' which in turn qualify 'punarbhāvam'.

अलीकम् (alīkam) - falsehood, untrue, vain

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of alīka

alīka - false, untrue, vain, disagreeable

Note: Qualifies 'punarbhāvam'.

असत्यम् (asatyam) - untruth, false, unreal

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asatya

asatya - untrue, false, unreal

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+satya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• satya – true, real, truth
  adjective (neuter)
  From root as (to be) through sat (being, existing).
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'punarbhāvam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

प्रतिवादाप्रियंवदम् (prativādāpriyaṁvadam) - speaking unpleasant counter-arguments, disagreeable in debate

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prativādāpriyaṃvada

prativādāpriyaṁvada - speaking unpleasant counter-arguments, disagreeable in debate

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prativāda+apriyaṃvada)

• prativāda – counter-argument, reply, dispute
  noun (masculine)
  From prati + vad (to speak).
  Prefix: prati
  Root: vad (class 1)
• apriyaṃvada – speaking unpleasantly, disagreeable speaker
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of a (not) + priya (pleasant) + vada (speaking).
  Prefix: a
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'punarbhāvam'.

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund (prefix)

From root īkṣ, class 1, with upasarga pra- and suffix -ya.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) indicating a completed action before the main verb (implied).

पुनर्भावम् (punarbhāvam) - recurring existence (saṃsāra) (recurring existence, rebirth, cycle of becoming (saṃsāra))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of punarbhāva

punarbhāva - repeated existence, rebirth, recurrence, cycle of becoming

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (punar+bhāva)

• punar – again, anew, back
  indeclinable
• bhāva – state of being, existence, nature, emotion
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhū (to be).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of 'prekṣya'.

दुःखशोकाभिवर्धनम् (duḥkhaśokābhivardhanam) - increasing sorrow and grief, causing growth of misery and lamentation

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkhaśokābhivardhana

duḥkhaśokābhivardhana - increasing sorrow and grief, causing growth of misery and lamentation

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+śoka+abhivardhana)

• duḥkha – suffering, misery, pain
  noun (neuter)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root śuc (to grieve).
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• abhivardhana – increasing, promoting, causing to grow
  noun (neuter)
  From abhi + vṛdh (to grow).
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'punarbhāvam'.