महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-149, verse-74

अहं च क्रोष्टुकश्चैव यूयं चैवास्य बान्धवाः ।
धर्माधर्मौ गृहीत्वेह सर्वे वर्तामहेऽध्वनि ॥७४॥

74. ahaṁ ca kroṣṭukaścaiva yūyaṁ caivāsya bāndhavāḥ ,
dharmādharmau gṛhītveha sarve vartāmahe'dhvani.

74. ahaṃ ca kroṣṭukaḥ ca eva yūyaṃ ca eva asya bāndhavāḥ
dharmādharmau gṛhītvā iha sarve vartāmahe adhvani

74. ahaṃ ca kroṣṭukaḥ ca eva yūyaṃ ca eva asya bāndhavāḥ
iha sarve dharmādharmau gṛhītvā adhvani vartāmahe

74. I, Kroshtuka, and all of you are his relatives. Here, all of us proceed on our path, encountering both righteous conduct (dharma) and unrighteousness (adharma).

Words meanings summery:

• अहं (ahaṁ) - I, me

• च (ca) - and

• क्रोष्टुकः (kroṣṭukaḥ) - Kroshtuka (a proper name) (Kroshtuka (a proper name); jackal)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, also

• यूयं (yūyaṁ) - you (plural)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, also

• अस्य (asya) - of this, of him, of it

• बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - relatives, kinsmen

• धर्माधर्मौ (dharmādharmau) - righteousness (dharma) and unrighteousness (adharma), right and wrong

• गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken, having seized, having accepted

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• वर्तामहे (vartāmahe) - we exist, we proceed, we live, we conduct ourselves

• अध्वनि (adhvani) - on the path, in the journey

Words meanings and morphology

अहं (ahaṁ) - I, me

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

क्रोष्टुकः (kroṣṭukaḥ) - Kroshtuka (a proper name) (Kroshtuka (a proper name); jackal)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kroṣṭuka

kroṣṭuka - jackal; name of a sage or a king

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

यूयं (yūyaṁ) - you (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of yūṣmad

yūṣmad - you

Note: The base is yūṣmad, which in nominative plural becomes yūyam.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

अस्य (asya) - of this, of him, of it

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Can be masculine or neuter. 'His' implies masculine here.

बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - relatives, kinsmen

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāndhava

bāndhava - relative, kinsman, friend

Root: bandh (class 1)

धर्माधर्मौ (dharmādharmau) - righteousness (dharma) and unrighteousness (adharma), right and wrong

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of dharmādharma

dharmādharma - right and wrong, virtue and vice, morality and immorality

Compound type : dvandva (dharma+adharma)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, religion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• adharma – unrighteousness, impropriety, sin
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: a
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: This compound takes a dual ending because it refers to two distinct concepts (dharma and adharma).

गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken, having seized, having accepted

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed from root grah with suffix -tvā.

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Used to indicate a completed action preceding the main verb.

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Can also be neuter nominative plural or feminine nominative/accusative dual. Context implies masculine nominative plural.

वर्तामहे (vartāmahe) - we exist, we proceed, we live, we conduct ourselves

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

present

1st person plural, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: From root vṛt (to turn, to exist, to proceed).

अध्वनि (adhvani) - on the path, in the journey

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of adhvan

adhvan - path, road, journey, course