महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-149, verse-42

जम्बुक उवाच ।
अहो मन्दीकृतः स्नेहो गृध्रेणेहाल्पमेधसा ।
पुत्रस्नेहाभिभूतानां युष्माकं शोचतां भृशम् ॥४२॥

42. jambuka uvāca ,
aho mandīkṛtaḥ sneho gṛdhreṇehālpamedhasā ,
putrasnehābhibhūtānāṁ yuṣmākaṁ śocatāṁ bhṛśam.

42. jambukaḥ uvāca aho mandīkṛtaḥ snehaḥ gṛdhreṇa iha
alpamedhasā putrasnehābhibhūtānām yuṣmākam śocatām bhṛśam

42. jambukaḥ uvāca aho alpamedhasā gṛdhreṇa iha yuṣmākam
putrasnehābhibhūtānām bhṛśam śocatām snehaḥ mandīkṛtaḥ

42. The jackal said: "Alas, your affection has been diminished here by this unintelligent vulture, while you are overwhelmed by love for your son and grieving intensely."

Words meanings summery:

• जम्बुकः (jambukaḥ) - The jackal (speaker) (a jackal)

• उवाच (uvāca) - (He) said (said, spoke)

• अहो (aho) - Alas! (Oh! Alas! (interjection of surprise or sorrow))

• मन्दीकृतः (mandīkṛtaḥ) - has been diminished (made dull, weakened, diminished)

• स्नेहः (snehaḥ) - affection (affection, love, oiliness)

• गृध्रेण (gṛdhreṇa) - by the vulture

• इह (iha) - here (here, in this matter, now)

• अल्पमेधसा (alpamedhasā) - by the unintelligent (vulture) (by one of little intelligence, by the dull-witted)

• पुत्रस्नेहाभिभूतानाम् (putrasnehābhibhūtānām) - of you who are overwhelmed by affection for your son (of those overwhelmed by son-affection)

• युष्माकम् (yuṣmākam) - of you (of you, your)

• शोचताम् (śocatām) - of those grieving (of those lamenting, grieving)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - intensely (intensely, greatly, much)

Words meanings and morphology

जम्बुकः (jambukaḥ) - The jackal (speaker) (a jackal)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jambuka

jambuka - a jackal

उवाच (uvāca) - (He) said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac (2nd class, Parasmaipada), Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

अहो (aho) - Alas! (Oh! Alas! (interjection of surprise or sorrow))

(indeclinable)

मन्दीकृतः (mandīkṛtaḥ) - has been diminished (made dull, weakened, diminished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mandīkṛta

mandīkṛta - made dull, weakened, diminished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the denominative verb mandīkṛ (to make dull), past participle suffix -ta

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to snehaḥ

स्नेहः (snehaḥ) - affection (affection, love, oiliness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sneha

sneha - affection, love, tenderness, oil, unctuousness

Root: snih (class 4)

गृध्रेण (gṛdhreṇa) - by the vulture

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gṛdhra

gṛdhra - a vulture

Root: gṛdh (class 4)

इह (iha) - here (here, in this matter, now)

(indeclinable)

अल्पमेधसा (alpamedhasā) - by the unintelligent (vulture) (by one of little intelligence, by the dull-witted)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of alpamedhas

alpamedhas - of little intelligence, foolish

Compound type : karmadhāraya (alpa+medhas)

• alpa – little, small, few
  adjective
• medhas – intelligence, wisdom, sacrifice
  noun (neuter)

Note: Masculine instrumental singular, modifying gṛdhreṇa

पुत्रस्नेहाभिभूतानाम् (putrasnehābhibhūtānām) - of you who are overwhelmed by affection for your son (of those overwhelmed by son-affection)

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of putrasnehābhibhūta

putrasnehābhibhūta - overwhelmed by affection for a son

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+sneha+abhibhūta)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• sneha – affection, love
  noun (masculine)
  From root snih
  Root: snih (class 4)
• abhibhūta – overcome, overwhelmed, subdued
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū with prefix abhi
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Modifies yuṣmākam

युष्माकम् (yuṣmākam) - of you (of you, your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

शोचताम् (śocatām) - of those grieving (of those lamenting, grieving)

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of śocat

śocat - lamenting, grieving, sorrowing

Present Active Participle

From root śuc (1st class) + -at suffix

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Masculine/feminine genitive plural, modifying yuṣmākam

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - intensely (intensely, greatly, much)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form

Note: Modifies śocatām