महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-149, verse-13

विनिश्चित्याथ च ततः संत्यजन्तः स्वमात्मजम् ।
निराशा जीविते तस्य मार्गमारुह्य धिष्ठिताः ॥१३॥

13. viniścityātha ca tataḥ saṁtyajantaḥ svamātmajam ,
nirāśā jīvite tasya mārgamāruhya dhiṣṭhitāḥ.

13. viniścitya atha ca tataḥ samtyajantaḥ svam ātmajam
nirāśāḥ jīvite tasya mārgam āruhya dhiṣṭhitāḥ

13. ca atha tataḥ viniścitya svam ātmajam samtyajantaḥ
tasya jīvite nirāśāḥ mārgam āruhya dhiṣṭhitāḥ

13. And then, having made a firm decision, those who had abandoned their own son, despairing of his life, mounted the road and departed.

Words meanings summery:

• विनिश्चित्य (viniścitya) - having made a firm decision (having ascertained, having determined, having decided)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

• च (ca) - and, also

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, thereafter)

• सम्त्यजन्तः (samtyajantaḥ) - those abandoning (abandoning, giving up)

• स्वम् (svam) - one's own, his own

• आत्मजम् (ātmajam) - their own son (son, born of oneself)

• निराशाः (nirāśāḥ) - despairing (of his life) (hopeless, despairing)

• जीविते (jīvite) - of his life (locative of reference) (in life, regarding life)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to the son) (his, of him, of that)

• मार्गम् (mārgam) - path, road, way

• आरुह्य (āruhya) - having ascended, having mounted, having climbed

• धिष्ठिताः (dhiṣṭhitāḥ) - departed, took their stand on the road (stood, established, fixed, departed)

Words meanings and morphology

विनिश्चित्य (viniścitya) - having made a firm decision (having ascertained, having determined, having decided)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Root ci (to collect) with prefixes vi and ni, and -ya suffix for absolutives with prefixes.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: ci (class 5)

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

सम्त्यजन्तः (samtyajantaḥ) - those abandoning (abandoning, giving up)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samtyajant

samtyajant - abandoning, forsaking, giving up

Present Active Participle

Root tyaj (to abandon) with prefix sam, + śatṛ pratyaya.

Prefix: sam

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied subject (relatives).

स्वम् (svam) - one's own, his own

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sva

sva - own, one's self, property

Note: Adjective modifying ātmajam.

आत्मजम् (ātmajam) - their own son (son, born of oneself)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - born of oneself, son, daughter, mind, love

Compound: ātman (self) + ja (born).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul (ātman), essence
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of samtyajantaḥ.

निराशाः (nirāśāḥ) - despairing (of his life) (hopeless, despairing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirāśā

nirāśā - hopeless, despairing, without expectation

Compound: nis (without) + āśā (hope).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+āśā)

• nis – out, without, free from
  indeclinable
• āśā – hope, expectation, desire
  noun (feminine)
  Root aś (to reach, obtain) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: aś (class 5)

Note: Adjective modifying the implied subject (relatives). Original devanagari has nirāśā, which is masculine nominative plural, short 'a', or feminine nominative singular.

जीविते (jīvite) - of his life (locative of reference) (in life, regarding life)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, livelihood

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Root jīv (to live) + kta pratyaya.

Root: jīv (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to the son) (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

मार्गम् (mārgam) - path, road, way

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mārga

mārga - path, way, road, course

Root: mṛg

Note: Object of āruhya.

आरुह्य (āruhya) - having ascended, having mounted, having climbed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Root ruh (to grow, ascend) with prefix ā, and -ya suffix for absolutives with prefixes.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

धिष्ठिताः (dhiṣṭhitāḥ) - departed, took their stand on the road (stood, established, fixed, departed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhiṣṭhita

dhiṣṭhita - stood, situated, established, fixed, occupied

Past Passive Participle

Root sthā (to stand) with prefix adhi. Often forms dhiṣṭhita due to phonetic changes.

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate, indicating the state or action of the relatives.