महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-149, verse-89

भीष्म उवाच ।
तथा धर्मविरोधेन प्रियमिथ्याभिध्यायिना ।
श्मशानवासिना नित्यं रात्रिं मृगयता तदा ॥८९॥

89. bhīṣma uvāca ,
tathā dharmavirodhena priyamithyābhidhyāyinā ,
śmaśānavāsinā nityaṁ rātriṁ mṛgayatā tadā.

89. bhīṣma uvāca tathā dharmavirodhena priyamithyābhidhyāyinā
śmaśānavāsinā nityam rātrim mṛgayata tadā

89. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca: tadā tathā dharmavirodhena,
priyamithyābhidhyāyinā,
śmaśānavāsinā,
nityam rātrim mṛgayata (kenacit karma kṛtam)

89. Bhishma said: Then, thus, by one who acts contrary to natural law (dharma), who contemplates what is falsely pleasing, who lives like a dweller in a cremation ground, constantly seeking the night.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• धर्मविरोधेन (dharmavirodhena) - by opposition to natural law (dharma), by acting against righteousness

• प्रियमिथ्याभिध्यायिना (priyamithyābhidhyāyinā) - by one who contemplates what is falsely dear/beneficial

• श्मशानवासिना (śmaśānavāsinā) - by one dwelling in a cremation ground, by one like a resident of a cremation ground

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

• रात्रिम् (rātrim) - night

• मृगयत (mṛgayata) - by one seeking, by one hunting

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a prominent character in the Mahabharata)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Irregular perfect formation from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Introduces a speech.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Adverb of manner.

Note: Connects to previous or following statements.

धर्मविरोधेन (dharmavirodhena) - by opposition to natural law (dharma), by acting against righteousness

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmavirodha

dharmavirodha - opposition to natural law (dharma), conflict with righteousness, unrighteousness

Compound of dharma (natural law) and virodha (opposition).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+virodha)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• virodha – opposition, contradiction, hostility
  noun (masculine)
  From root rudh (to obstruct) with prefix vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Describes the agent's characteristic or action.

प्रियमिथ्याभिध्यायिना (priyamithyābhidhyāyinā) - by one who contemplates what is falsely dear/beneficial

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of priyamithyābhidhyāyin

priyamithyābhidhyāyin - one who meditates on or thinks about what is falsely dear or misleadingly pleasant

Agent Noun / Adjective

Compound of 'priyamithyā' (falsely dear) and 'abhidhyāyin' (one who contemplates), a nomen agentis from root dhyā with prefix abhi-.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (priya+mithyā+abhidhyāyin)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable
  adjective (neuter)
• mithyā – falsely, wrongly, incorrectly, illusive
  indeclinable
• abhidhyāyin – contemplating, reflecting, coveting
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From root dhyā (to meditate) with prefix abhi- and suffix -in.
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: dhyā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied agent.

श्मशानवासिना (śmaśānavāsinā) - by one dwelling in a cremation ground, by one like a resident of a cremation ground

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śmaśānavāsin

śmaśānavāsin - dweller in a cremation ground, ghost, spirit (often associated with unholy or grim beings)

Agent Noun / Adjective

Compound 'śmaśāna' (cremation ground) + 'vāsin' (dweller). Vāsin from root vas (to dwell) with suffix -in.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śmaśāna+vāsin)

• śmaśāna – cremation ground, burial place
  noun (neuter)
• vāsin – dweller, resident, inhabitant
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From root vas (to dwell) with suffix -in.
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied agent.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

Often used adverbially (neuter accusative singular).

Note: Modifies 'mṛgayata'.

रात्रिम् (rātrim) - night

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night, darkness

Note: Direct object of 'mṛgayata'.

मृगयत (mṛgayata) - by one seeking, by one hunting

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mṛgayat

mṛgayat - seeking, hunting, searching

Present Middle Participle

From root mṛg (to seek, hunt). Formed with -at suffix for middle voice participles.

Root: mṛg (class 10)

Note: Qualifies an implied agent.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time, derived from 'tad' (that).

Note: Sets the temporal context.