महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-149, verse-53

इष्टदारवियुक्ताश्च पुत्रशोकान्वितास्तथा ।
दह्यमानाः स्म शोकेन गृहं गच्छन्ति नित्यदा ॥५३॥

53. iṣṭadāraviyuktāśca putraśokānvitāstathā ,
dahyamānāḥ sma śokena gṛhaṁ gacchanti nityadā.

53. iṣṭadāraviyuktāḥ ca putraśokānvitāḥ tathā
dahyamānāḥ sma śokena gṛham gacchanti nityadā

53. ca iṣṭadāraviyuktāḥ tathā putraśokānvitāḥ (janāḥ) śokena dahyamānāḥ (santaḥ) nityadā gṛham gacchanti sma.

53. And separated from their beloved wives, and similarly afflicted by sorrow for their sons, they are consumed by grief and perpetually return home.

Words meanings summery:

• इष्टदारवियुक्ताः (iṣṭadāraviyuktāḥ) - separated from beloved wives

• च (ca) - and, also

• पुत्रशोकान्विताः (putraśokānvitāḥ) - accompanied by sorrow for sons, grieving for children

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, similarly

• दह्यमानाः (dahyamānāḥ) - being consumed by sorrow (burning, being consumed, being tormented)

• स्म (sma) - constantly or indeed (reinforcing 'nityadā') rather than past tense, given 'gacchanti' in general observation. (indeed, certainly, particle indicating past tense with present verbs)

• शोकेन (śokena) - by sorrow, with grief

• गृहम् (gṛham) - home, house

• गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they walk, they proceed

• नित्यदा (nityadā) - always, constantly, perpetually

Words meanings and morphology

इष्टदारवियुक्ताः (iṣṭadāraviyuktāḥ) - separated from beloved wives

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of iṣṭadāraviyukta

iṣṭadāraviyukta - separated from beloved wives

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (iṣṭa+dāra+viyukta)

• iṣṭa – desired, beloved, dear
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'iṣ' (to wish)
  Root: iṣ (class 6)
• dāra – wife
  noun (masculine)
• viyukta – separated, disjoined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'yuj' (to join) with upasarga 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Functions as a substantive referring to people.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पुत्रशोकान्विताः (putraśokānvitāḥ) - accompanied by sorrow for sons, grieving for children

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putraśokānvita

putraśokānvita - accompanied by sorrow for sons

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putraśoka+anvita)

• putraśoka – sorrow for a son
  noun (masculine)
• anvita – accompanied by, connected with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive ParticSple
  From root 'i' (to go) with upasarga 'anu', then 'anvit'.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Functions as a substantive referring to people.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, similarly

(indeclinable)

दह्यमानाः (dahyamānāḥ) - being consumed by sorrow (burning, being consumed, being tormented)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dahyamāna

dahyamāna - burning, being consumed, being tormented

Present Passive Participle

From root 'dah' (to burn), present passive participle.

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject of 'gacchanti'.

स्म (sma) - constantly or indeed (reinforcing 'nityadā') rather than past tense, given 'gacchanti' in general observation. (indeed, certainly, particle indicating past tense with present verbs)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here, it emphasizes the habitual or constant nature expressed by 'nityadā'.

शोकेन (śokena) - by sorrow, with grief

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Instrumental case, indicating the means or cause of 'dahyamānāḥ'.

गृहम् (gṛham) - home, house

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

Note: Object of motion, governed by 'gacchanti'.

गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they walk, they proceed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present Active

From root 'gam' (to go), present tense, third person plural active.

Root: gam (class 1)

नित्यदा (nityadā) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)