महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-149, verse-2

दुःखिताः केचिदादाय बालमप्राप्तयौवनम् ।
कुलसर्वस्वभूतं वै रुदन्तः शोकविह्वलाः ॥२॥

2. duḥkhitāḥ kecidādāya bālamaprāptayauvanam ,
kulasarvasvabhūtaṁ vai rudantaḥ śokavihvalāḥ.

2. duḥkhitāḥ kecit ādāya bālam aprāptayauvanam
kulasarvasvabhūtam vai rudantaḥ śokavihvalāḥ

2. kecit duḥkhitāḥ śokavihvalāḥ rudantaḥ
aprāptayauvanam kulasarvasvabhūtam bālam ādāya vai

2. Some people, distressed and overwhelmed with grief, wept as they carried the child who had not yet reached youth, and who was indeed the very essence of their family.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखिताः (duḥkhitāḥ) - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

• केचित् (kecit) - some, certain ones

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, having received

• बालम् (bālam) - child, boy, infant

• अप्राप्तयौवनम् (aprāptayauvanam) - who had not attained youth, not yet adult

• कुलसर्वस्वभूतम् (kulasarvasvabhūtam) - who was the essence/all of the family, the family's entire possession

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

• रुदन्तः (rudantaḥ) - weeping, crying

• शोकविह्वलाः (śokavihvalāḥ) - overwhelmed with grief, distraught with sorrow

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखिताः (duḥkhitāḥ) - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √dukh ('to suffer') or from the noun duḥkha ('suffering') with the suffix -ita.

Root: dukh (class 1)

केचित् (kecit) - some, certain ones

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaścid

kaścid - someone, some, any

Indefinite pronoun formed from kim + cid.

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken, having received

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with the prefix ā- and the root √dā ('to give'), meaning 'to take' in this context.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

बालम् (bālam) - child, boy, infant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, boy, infant

अप्राप्तयौवनम् (aprāptayauvanam) - who had not attained youth, not yet adult

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aprāptayauvana

aprāptayauvana - one who has not attained youth

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (a+prāpta+yauvana)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix.
• prāpta – attained, reached, obtained
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √āp ('to obtain') with the prefix pra- and suffix -ta.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)
• yauvana – youth, adolescence
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from yuvan ('young').

कुलसर्वस्वभूतम् (kulasarvasvabhūtam) - who was the essence/all of the family, the family's entire possession

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kulasarvasvabhūta

kulasarvasvabhūta - having become the entire possession or essence of the family

Compound: Kula-sarvasva (Tatpuruṣa) + bhūta (describing the state of being).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (kula+sarvasva+bhūta)

• kula – family, lineage, clan
  noun (neuter)
• sarvasva – entire property, all one possesses, essence
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of sarva ('all') and sva ('own property').
• bhūta – become, existed, being, past
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √bhū ('to be, to become').
  Root: bhū (class 1)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

रुदन्तः (rudantaḥ) - weeping, crying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rudat

rudat - weeping, crying

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √rud ('to weep, to cry').

Root: rud (class 2)

शोकविह्वलाः (śokavihvalāḥ) - overwhelmed with grief, distraught with sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śokavihvala

śokavihvala - overwhelmed by grief, distraught with sorrow

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (śoka+vihvala)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root √śuc ('to sorrow, to grieve').
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• vihvala – overwhelmed, distraught, agitated, bewildered
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Derived from the root √hval ('to waver') with the prefix vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hval (class 1)