महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-149, verse-83

प्रदीप्ताः पुत्रशोकेन यथैवाबुद्धयस्तथा ।
कथं गच्छथ सस्नेहाः सुतस्नेहं विसृज्य च ।
श्रुत्वा गृध्रस्य वचनं पापस्येहाकृतात्मनः ॥८३॥

83. pradīptāḥ putraśokena yathaivābuddhayastathā ,
kathaṁ gacchatha sasnehāḥ sutasnehaṁ visṛjya ca ,
śrutvā gṛdhrasya vacanaṁ pāpasyehākṛtātmanaḥ.

83. pradīptāḥ putraśokena yathā eva
abuddhayaḥ tathā katham gacchatha sasnehāḥ
sutasneham visṛjya ca śrutvā
gṛdhrasya vacanam pāpasya iha akṛtātmanaḥ

83. putraśokena pradīptāḥ yathā eva
abuddhayaḥ tathā ca sasnehāḥ sutasneham
visṛjya katham gacchatha iha pāpasya
akṛtātmanaḥ gṛdhrasya vacanam śrutvā

83. How can you, inflamed with grief for your son, like the ignorant, yet full of affection, abandon your love (sneha) for your son and proceed, simply by hearing the words of this sinful vulture, whose inner self (ātman) is undeveloped here?

Words meanings summery:

• प्रदीप्ताः (pradīptāḥ) - inflamed (with grief) (inflamed, blazing, burning)

• पुत्रशोकेन (putraśokena) - by the grief for a son, by son-grief

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• अबुद्धयः (abuddhayaḥ) - ignorant, foolish, unwise (plural)

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

• कथम् (katham) - how?, why?

• गच्छथ (gacchatha) - you (plural) go, you proceed

• सस्नेहाः (sasnehāḥ) - full of affection, with love

• सुतस्नेहम् (sutasneham) - affection for a son, son's love

• विसृज्य (visṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up

• च (ca) - and, also

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• गृध्रस्य (gṛdhrasya) - of the vulture

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

• पापस्य (pāpasya) - of the sinful (vulture) (of the sinful, of sin)

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• अकृतात्मनः (akṛtātmanaḥ) - of the vulture whose inner self (ātman) is undeveloped. (of the undeveloped soul, of the one whose self (ātman) is not made/prepared)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रदीप्ताः (pradīptāḥ) - inflamed (with grief) (inflamed, blazing, burning)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pradīpta

pradīpta - lit, burning, inflamed, shining

Past Passive Participle

From root dīp (to shine) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: dīp (class 4)

पुत्रशोकेन (putraśokena) - by the grief for a son, by son-grief

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putraśoka

putraśoka - grief for a son

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+śoka)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From root śuc (to grieve)
  Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Cause or instrument for being inflamed.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, according to

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

अबुद्धयः (abuddhayaḥ) - ignorant, foolish, unwise (plural)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abuddha

abuddha - unwise, foolish, ignorant, not understood

Past Passive Participle (negative)

Negative prefix a- + buddha (understood/wise, from root budh).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+buddha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• buddha – understood, awakened, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root budh (to know, awaken)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Adjective describing the audience.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how?, why?

(indeclinable)

गच्छथ (gacchatha) - you (plural) go, you proceed

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present Active

From root gam (1st conjugation, parasmaipada).

Root: gam (class 1)

सस्नेहाः (sasnehāḥ) - full of affection, with love

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sasneha

sasneha - having affection, with love

Prefix sa- (with) + sneha (affection).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+sneha)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• sneha – affection, love, oil
  noun (masculine)
  From root snih (to be affectionate, to cling)
  Root: snih (class 4)

Note: Refers to the humans.

सुतस्नेहम् (sutasneham) - affection for a son, son's love

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sutasneha

sutasneha - affection for a son, son's love

Compound type : tatpurusha (suta+sneha)

• suta – son, child (born)
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root su (to give birth)
  Root: su (class 2)
• sneha – affection, love, oil
  noun (masculine)
  From root snih (to be affectionate, to cling)
  Root: snih (class 4)

Note: Object of visṛjya.

विसृज्य (visṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root sṛj (to create, to abandon) with prefix vi, using suffix -ya for absolutives with prefixes.

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects pradīptāḥ putraśokena and sasnehāḥ.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root śru (5th conjugation), with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

गृध्रस्य (gṛdhrasya) - of the vulture

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gṛdhra

gṛdhra - vulture

From root gṛdh (to be greedy, eager).

Root: gṛdh (class 4)

Note: Possessive, 'whose word'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, saying

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

पापस्य (pāpasya) - of the sinful (vulture) (of the sinful, of sin)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, wicked, sinful, sin

Note: Agrees with gṛdhrasya.

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

अकृतात्मनः (akṛtātmanaḥ) - of the vulture whose inner self (ātman) is undeveloped. (of the undeveloped soul, of the one whose self (ātman) is not made/prepared)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of akṛtātman

akṛtātman - undeveloped soul, imperfect self, one whose self is not trained/matured

Compound with negative a- and kṛta (made, done) + ātman (self).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kṛta+ātman)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kṛta – done, made, accomplished
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with gṛdhrasya.