महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-149, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
शृणु पार्थ यथावृत्तमितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
गृध्रजम्बुकसंवादं यो वृत्तो वैदिशे पुरा ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
śṛṇu pārtha yathāvṛttamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
gṛdhrajambukasaṁvādaṁ yo vṛtto vaidiśe purā.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca śṛṇu pārtha yathāvṛttam itihāsam
purātanam gṛdhrajambukasaṃvādam yaḥ vṛttaḥ vaidiśe purā

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca.
pārtha śṛṇu (tvam) पुरातनम् यथावृत्तम् गृध्रजम्बukasaṃvādam इतिहासम् (तत्) यः पुरा वैदिशे वृत्ततः।

1. Bhishma said: Listen, O Partha, to this ancient narrative (itihāsa), the true account of the dialogue between a vulture and a jackal, which took place long ago in Vidiśa.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna)

• यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - as it happened, the true account

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history, narrative, legend

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

• गृध्रजम्बुकसंवादम् (gṛdhrajambukasaṁvādam) - the dialogue between a vulture and a jackal

• यः (yaḥ) - referring to the narrative/dialogue (which, who)

• वृत्तः (vṛttaḥ) - occurred, happened, took place

• वैदिशे (vaidiśe) - in Vidiśa (a region/city)

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, previously

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a prominent character in the Mahabharata); formidable, terrible

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ) of √vac. Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative 2nd person singular of √śru, class 5

Root: śru (class 5)

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna

Patronymic from Pṛthā

Note: Addressed to Arjuna.

यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - as it happened, the true account

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yathāvṛtta

yathāvṛtta - as it occurred, true account, history

Compound: yathā (as) + vṛtta (occurred, happened)

Compound type : avyayībhāva / tatpurusha (yathā+vṛtta)

• yathā – as, just as
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – occurred, happened, existed; conduct, event
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of √vṛt (to be, to exist, to occur)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'itihāsam'.

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history, narrative, legend

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, legend, traditional narrative, epic

Compound: iti ha āsa ('thus, indeed, it was')

Note: Object of 'śṛṇu'.

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, primeval

From purā (formerly) + -tana (suffix meaning 'ancient')

Note: Qualifies 'itihāsam'.

गृध्रजम्बुकसंवादम् (gṛdhrajambukasaṁvādam) - the dialogue between a vulture and a jackal

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gṛdhrajambukasaṃvāda

gṛdhrajambukasaṁvāda - dialogue between a vulture and a jackal

Dvanda/Tatpurusha compound: gṛdhra (vulture) + jambuka (jackal) + saṃvāda (dialogue)

Compound type : dvandva/tatpurusha (gṛdhra+jambuka+saṃvāda)

• gṛdhra – vulture
  noun (masculine)
• jambuka – jackal
  noun (masculine)
• saṃvāda – dialogue, conversation
  noun (masculine)
  From sam-√vad (to speak together)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: In apposition to 'itihāsam', specifying the subject of the narrative.

यः (yaḥ) - referring to the narrative/dialogue (which, who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to 'itihāsam' or 'saṃvādaḥ' (implied nominative of 'saṃvādam').

वृत्तः (vṛttaḥ) - occurred, happened, took place

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - occurred, happened, existed; conduct, event

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of √vṛt (to be, to exist, to occur)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Predicative use with 'yaḥ'.

वैदिशे (vaidiśe) - in Vidiśa (a region/city)

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vaidiśa

vaidiśa - relating to Vidiśā (ancient city in central India); a region named Vidiśa

From Vidiśā (city name) + -a (suffix meaning 'belonging to')

Note: Denotes the location where the event took place.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, previously

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.