महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-149, verse-116

ततस्ते त्वरिता राजञ्श्रुत्वा शोकमघोद्भवम् ।
विविशुः पुत्रमादाय नगरं हृष्टमानसाः ।
एषा बुद्धिः समस्तानां चातुर्वर्ण्ये निदर्शिता ॥११६॥

116. tataste tvaritā rājañśrutvā śokamaghodbhavam ,
viviśuḥ putramādāya nagaraṁ hṛṣṭamānasāḥ ,
eṣā buddhiḥ samastānāṁ cāturvarṇye nidarśitā.

116. tataḥ te tvaritāḥ rājan śrutvā śokam
aghodbhavam viviśuḥ putram ādāya
nagaram hr̥ṣṭamānasāḥ eṣā buddhiḥ
samastānām cāturvarṇye nidarśitā

116. rājan tataḥ te tvaritāḥ hr̥ṣṭamānasāḥ
śokam aghodbhavam śrutvā putram
ādāya nagaram viviśuḥ eṣā buddhiḥ
samastānām cāturvarṇye nidarśitā

116. Thereupon, O King, they, with joyful minds and swiftly, having heard of the sorrow arising from sin, entered the city, bringing their sons. This understanding has been demonstrated to all the four social classes (cāturvarṇya).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon, then, from that

• ते (te) - the distressed ones (from previous verse) (they, those)

• त्वरिताः (tvaritāḥ) - swiftly, eagerly (swift, quick, hurried, eager)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• शोकम् (śokam) - sorrow (that is) (sorrow, grief)

• अघोद्भवम् (aghodbhavam) - (sorrow) arising from sin (born of sin, produced by evil)

• विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - they entered

• पुत्रम् (putram) - their sons (collectively) (son)

• आदाय (ādāya) - bringing (their sons) (having taken, having seized, taking)

• नगरम् (nagaram) - city, town

• ह्र्̥ष्टमानसाः (hr̥ṣṭamānasāḥ) - with joyful minds, joyful-hearted

• एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine)

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - this understanding/wisdom (intellect, understanding, wisdom, intelligence)

• समस्तानाम् (samastānām) - of all, of the entire

• चातुर्वर्ण्ये (cāturvarṇye) - in the four social classes (varna)

• निदर्शिता (nidarśitā) - shown, demonstrated, revealed

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon, then, from that

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - the distressed ones (from previous verse) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

त्वरिताः (tvaritāḥ) - swiftly, eagerly (swift, quick, hurried, eager)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvarita

tvarita - quick, swift, hurried, agile

past passive participle

from tvar 'to hurry'

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Agrees with te.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from śru + tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

शोकम् (śokam) - sorrow (that is) (sorrow, grief)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation

Note: Object of śrutvā.

अघोद्भवम् (aghodbhavam) - (sorrow) arising from sin (born of sin, produced by evil)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aghodbhava

aghodbhava - born of sin, originated from evil

Compound type : tatpurusha (agha+udbhava)

• agha – sin, evil, fault, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• udbhava – origin, birth, production, arising
  noun (masculine)
  from ud + bhū
  Prefix: ud
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śokam.

विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - they entered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (liṭ) of viś

Root: viś (class 6)

पुत्रम् (putram) - their sons (collectively) (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Used collectively for "sons".

आदाय (ādāya) - bringing (their sons) (having taken, having seized, taking)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from ā + dā + ya

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

नगरम् (nagaram) - city, town

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Object of viviśuḥ.

ह्र्̥ष्टमानसाः (hr̥ṣṭamānasāḥ) - with joyful minds, joyful-hearted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hr̥ṣṭamānasa

hr̥ṣṭamānasa - joyful-minded, having a joyful heart

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hr̥ṣṭa+mānasa)

• hr̥ṣṭa – delighted, joyful, happy
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from hṛṣ
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)
• mānasa – mind, heart, mental
  noun (neuter)
  from manas

Note: Agrees with te.

एषा (eṣā) - this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Agrees with buddhiḥ.

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - this understanding/wisdom (intellect, understanding, wisdom, intelligence)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, wisdom, intelligence

from budh

Root: budh (class 1)

समस्तानाम् (samastānām) - of all, of the entire

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of samasta

samasta - all, entire, collective

past passive participle

from sam + as

Prefix: sam

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with cāturvarṇye indirectly (meaning "of all the members of the four classes").

चातुर्वर्ण्ये (cāturvarṇye) - in the four social classes (varna)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of cāturvarṇya

cāturvarṇya - the system of four social classes or varnas

from catur + varṇa

Note: The meaning "all four classes" (cāturvarṇya) is an important term.

निदर्शिता (nidarśitā) - shown, demonstrated, revealed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nidarśita

nidarśita - shown, demonstrated, revealed, pointed out

past passive participle

from ni + dṛś

Prefix: ni

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with buddhiḥ. Used impersonally, "has been shown".