महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-114, verse-78

ततस्तमेकं बहवः परिवार्य समन्ततः ।
परिकाल्य कुरून्सर्वाञ्शरवर्षैरवाकिरन् ॥७८॥

78. tatastamekaṁ bahavaḥ parivārya samantataḥ ,
parikālya kurūnsarvāñśaravarṣairavākiran.

78. tataḥ tam ekam bahavaḥ parivārya samantataḥ
parikālya kurūn sarvān śaravarṣaiḥ avākirann

78. tataḥ bahavaḥ tam ekam samantataḥ parivārya,
sarvān kurūn parikālya,
śaravarṣaiḥ avākirann

78. Then, many (warriors), having surrounded that one (Bhīṣma) from all sides, afflicted all the Kuru warriors and showered them with a hail of arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Bhīṣma) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• एकम् (ekam) - one (person, Bhīṣma) (one, single, alone (masculine accusative singular))

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many (warriors) (many (masculine nominative plural))

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, all around)

• परिकाल्य (parikālya) - having harassed or afflicted (having harassed, having afflicted, having distressed)

• कुरून् (kurūn) - the Kuru warriors (including Bhīṣma and his retinue) (Kurus, descendants of Kuru (masculine accusative plural))

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (the Kuru warriors) (all, every (masculine accusative plural))

• शरवर्षैः (śaravarṣaiḥ) - with showers of arrows (with showers of arrows (instrumental plural))

• अवाकिरन्न् (avākirann) - they covered (them) (they showered upon, they covered)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

ablative of pronoun 'tad' used as an indeclinable adverb

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Bhīṣma) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एकम् (ekam) - one (person, Bhīṣma) (one, single, alone (masculine accusative singular))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many (warriors) (many (masculine nominative plural))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous, abundant

परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

prefix pari + root vṛ (to cover/choose) with suffix -ya after preceding upasarga

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, all around)

(indeclinable)

adverb derived from 'samanta' (all-round) + suffix -tas

परिकाल्य (parikālya) - having harassed or afflicted (having harassed, having afflicted, having distressed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

prefix pari + root kal (to drive, push, impel, disturb) + suffix -ya after preceding upasarga

Prefix: pari

Root: kal (class 10)

कुरून् (kurūn) - the Kuru warriors (including Bhīṣma and his retinue) (Kurus, descendants of Kuru (masculine accusative plural))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a Kuru, descendant of Kuru, name of an ancient king

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (the Kuru warriors) (all, every (masculine accusative plural))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

शरवर्षैः (śaravarṣaiḥ) - with showers of arrows (with showers of arrows (instrumental plural))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - shower of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

अवाकिरन्न् (avākirann) - they covered (them) (they showered upon, they covered)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of avakira

prefix ava + root kṛ (to scatter) - impf. 3rd pl.

Prefix: ava

Root: kṛ (class 6)

Note: Root kṛ (कृ) class 6, meaning 'to scatter, pour'.