महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-114, verse-65

तस्य तच्छतधा चर्म व्यधमद्दंशितात्मनः ।
रथादनवरूढस्य तदद्भुतमिवाभवत् ॥६५॥

65. tasya tacchatadhā carma vyadhamaddaṁśitātmanaḥ ,
rathādanavarūḍhasya tadadbhutamivābhavat.

65. tasya tat śatadhā carma vyadhamat daṃśitātmanaḥ
| rathāt anavarūḍhasya tat adbhutam iva abhavat

65. (arjunaḥ) tasya daṃśitātmanaḥ rathāt anavarūḍhasya (bhīṣmasya) tat carma śatadhā vyadhamat.
tat adbhutam iva abhavat.

65. Arjuna shattered that hundred-fold shield of Bhishma, whose self (ātman) was armoured and who had not dismounted from his chariot; that indeed became a wonder.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of Bhishma (his, of him)

• तत् (tat) - that shield (that (neuter))

• शतधा (śatadhā) - into a hundred pieces, a hundredfold

• चर्म (carma) - shield (shield, skin, hide)

• व्यधमत् (vyadhamat) - he shattered, blew apart

• दंशितात्मनः (daṁśitātmanaḥ) - of Bhishma, whose body was protected by armor (of the one whose self (ātman) is armoured, of the armoured one)

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• अनवरूढस्य (anavarūḍhasya) - of Bhishma, who had not dismounted (of the one not descended)

• तत् (tat) - that feat (Arjuna's action) (that (neuter))

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - a wonder, amazing, marvelous

• इव (iva) - as if, like

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it was, it became

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of Bhishma (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to Bhishma, the owner of the shield.

तत् (tat) - that shield (that (neuter))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the 'carma' (shield).

शतधा (śatadhā) - into a hundred pieces, a hundredfold

(indeclinable)

From 'śata' (hundred) + 'dhā' suffix.

Note: Describes how the shield was shattered.

चर्म (carma) - shield (shield, skin, hide)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of carman

carman - skin, hide, leather, shield

Note: Direct object of 'vyadhamat'.

व्यधमत् (vyadhamat) - he shattered, blew apart

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dham

Imperfect Active

Imperfect tense form (laṅ, 'a-dhamat') of root 'dham' with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: dham (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is Arjuna.

दंशितात्मनः (daṁśitātmanaḥ) - of Bhishma, whose body was protected by armor (of the one whose self (ātman) is armoured, of the armoured one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of daṃśitātman

daṁśitātman - one whose self (ātman) is armoured, armoured

Bahuvrihi compound: 'daṃśita' (armoured) + 'ātman' (self).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (daṃśita+ātman)

• daṃśita – armoured, stung, bitten
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'daṃś' (to bite, to arm oneself).
  Root: daṃś (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes Bhishma ('tasya').

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

Note: Indicates separation from the chariot.

अनवरूढस्य (anavarūḍhasya) - of Bhishma, who had not dismounted (of the one not descended)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of anavarūḍha

anavarūḍha - not descended, not dismounted

Past Passive Participle with negative prefix

Negative compound 'a-na' + 'ava-rūḍha' (from root 'ruh' with prefix 'ava', P.P.P.).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+avarūḍha)

• an – not
  indeclinable
• avarūḍha – descended, dismounted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ruh' (to ascend) with prefix 'ava' (down).
  Prefix: ava
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Describes Bhishma ('tasya').

तत् (tat) - that feat (Arjuna's action) (that (neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the entire preceding action performed by Arjuna.

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - a wonder, amazing, marvelous

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonder, marvel, amazing, wonderful

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tat'.

इव (iva) - as if, like

(indeclinable)

अभवत् (abhavat) - it was, it became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active

Imperfect tense form (laṅ, 'a-bhavat') of root 'bhū'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb for the second sentence.