महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-114, verse-103

नृपा दुर्योधनमुखा निःश्वस्य रुरुदुस्ततः ।
विषादाच्च चिरं कालमतिष्ठन्विगतेन्द्रियाः ॥१०३॥

103. nṛpā duryodhanamukhā niḥśvasya rurudustataḥ ,
viṣādācca ciraṁ kālamatiṣṭhanvigatendriyāḥ.

103. nṛpāḥ duryodhanamukhāḥ niḥśvasya ruruduḥ tataḥ
viṣādāt ca ciram kālam atiṣṭhan vigatendriyāḥ

103. tataḥ duryodhanamukhāḥ nṛpāḥ niḥśvasya ruruduḥ.
ca viṣādāt vigatendriyāḥ ciram kālam atiṣṭhan.

103. Then, the kings led by Duryodhana sighed and wept. And from sorrow, with their senses bewildered, they remained motionless for a long time.

Words meanings summery:

• नृपाः (nṛpāḥ) - the kings (kings, rulers)

• दुर्योधनमुखाः (duryodhanamukhāḥ) - led by Duryodhana (having Duryodhana as their leader, led by Duryodhana)

• निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed (having sighed, having breathed out)

• रुरुदुः (ruruduḥ) - they wept (they wept, they cried)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, therefore)

• विषादात् (viṣādāt) - from sorrow (from sorrow, from despair)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• चिरम् (ciram) - for a long (time) (for a long time, long)

• कालम् (kālam) - time

• अतिष्ठन् (atiṣṭhan) - they remained (motionless) (they stood, they remained)

• विगतेन्द्रियाः (vigatendriyāḥ) - with bewildered senses (whose senses are gone, bewildered in senses)

Words meanings and morphology

नृपाः (nṛpāḥ) - the kings (kings, rulers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

दुर्योधनमुखाः (duryodhanamukhāḥ) - led by Duryodhana (having Duryodhana as their leader, led by Duryodhana)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duryodhanamukha

duryodhanamukha - Duryodhana-faced, having Duryodhana as the chief/leader

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (duryodhana+mukha)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, chief, beginning
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'nṛpāḥ'.

निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed (having sighed, having breathed out)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with prefix niḥ- and root śvas (to breathe), plus -ya suffix for absolutives with prefixes.

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

रुरुदुः (ruruduḥ) - they wept (they wept, they cried)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of rud

Perfect Active, 3rd Plural

Root: rud (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, therefore)

(indeclinable)

विषादात् (viṣādāt) - from sorrow (from sorrow, from despair)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of viṣāda

viṣāda - sorrow, dejection, despair, sadness

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

चिरम् (ciram) - for a long (time) (for a long time, long)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cira

cira - long, lasting, old

Note: Adverbial accusative, modifying the duration.

कालम् (kālam) - time

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

Note: Adverbial accusative, 'for a long time'.

अतिष्ठन् (atiṣṭhan) - they remained (motionless) (they stood, they remained)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of sthā

Imperfect Active, 3rd Plural

Root: sthā (class 1)

विगतेन्द्रियाः (vigatendriyāḥ) - with bewildered senses (whose senses are gone, bewildered in senses)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vigatendriya

vigatendriya - whose senses are gone, bewildered in senses, deprived of senses

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vigata+indriya)

• vigata – gone, departed, ceased
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from prefix vi- and root gam (to go)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: gam (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty of sense
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'nṛpāḥ'.