महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-114, verse-64

चर्माथादत्त गाङ्गेयो जातरूपपरिष्कृतम् ।
खड्गं चान्यतरं प्रेप्सुर्मृत्योरग्रे जयाय वा ॥६४॥

64. carmāthādatta gāṅgeyo jātarūpapariṣkṛtam ,
khaḍgaṁ cānyataraṁ prepsurmṛtyoragre jayāya vā.

64. carma atha adatta gāṅgeyaḥ jātarūpaparikṛtam |
khadgam ca anyataram prepsuḥ mṛtyoḥ agre jayāya vā

64. atha gāṅgeyaḥ jātarūpaparikṛtam carma ca anyataram khadgam adatta,
mṛtyoḥ agre jayāya vā prepsuḥ.

64. Then, Bhishma (gāṅgeya), desiring either death or victory, took up a shield adorned with gold and another sword.

Words meanings summery:

• चर्म (carma) - shield (shield, skin, hide)

• अथ (atha) - then, next, now

• अदत्त (adatta) - he took, he assumed

• गाङ्गेयः (gāṅgeyaḥ) - Bhishma (son of Ganga)

• जातरूपपरिकृतम् (jātarūpaparikṛtam) - adorned with gold

• खद्गम् (khadgam) - sword

• च (ca) - and

• अन्यतरम् (anyataram) - another, other

• प्रेप्सुः (prepsuḥ) - desiring to obtain, wishing for

• मृत्योः (mṛtyoḥ) - of death

• अग्रे (agre) - for the sake of, in front of, before

• जयाय (jayāya) - for victory

• वा (vā) - or, either

Words meanings and morphology

चर्म (carma) - shield (shield, skin, hide)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of carman

carman - skin, hide, leather, shield

Note: Direct object of 'adatta'.

अथ (atha) - then, next, now

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence.

अदत्त (adatta) - he took, he assumed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of dā

Imperfect Middle/Passive

Imperfect tense form (laṅ, 'a-datta') of root 'dā' with prefix 'ā'. Used in middle voice for 'to take'.

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: The middle voice of 'ā-dā' means 'to take for oneself'.

गाङ्गेयः (gāṅgeyaḥ) - Bhishma (son of Ganga)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāṅgeya

gāṅgeya - son of Ganga (Bhishma)

Patronymic from 'gaṅgā' (Ganga).

Note: Subject of 'adatta'.

जातरूपपरिकृतम् (jātarūpaparikṛtam) - adorned with gold

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jātarūpaparikṛta

jātarūpaparikṛta - adorned/decorated with gold

Compound 'jātarūpa' (gold) + 'parikṛta' (adorned).

Compound type : tatpurusha (jātarūpa+parikṛta)

• jātarūpa – gold, natural form
  noun (neuter)
• parikṛta – adorned, decorated, prepared
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' (to make, do) with prefix 'pari'.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Describes 'carma'.

खद्गम् (khadgam) - sword

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of khadga

khadga - sword, rhinoceros

Note: Direct object of 'adatta'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'carma' and 'khadgam'.

अन्यतरम् (anyataram) - another, other

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anyatara

anyatara - one of two, another, other

Note: Describes 'khadgam'.

प्रेप्सुः (prepsuḥ) - desiring to obtain, wishing for

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prepsu

prepsu - desirous of obtaining

Desiderative participle

From desiderative stem of root 'āp' (to obtain) with prefix 'pra'. 'pra-āp-san' gives 'prepsu'.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'gāṅgeyaḥ'.

मृत्योः (mṛtyoḥ) - of death

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death

From root 'mṛ' (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Object of desire (implied) in combination with 'agre'.

अग्रे (agre) - for the sake of, in front of, before

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially with genitive 'mṛtyoḥ'.

जयाय (jayāya) - for victory

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of jaya

jaya - victory, triumph, conquest

From root 'ji' (to conquer).

Note: Indicates purpose.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two alternatives (death or victory).