महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-114, verse-77

शाल्वाश्रयास्त्रिगर्ताश्च अम्बष्ठाः केकयैः सह ।
द्वादशैते जनपदाः शरार्ता व्रणपीडिताः ।
संग्रामे न जहुर्भीष्मं युध्यमानं किरीटिना ॥७७॥

77. śālvāśrayāstrigartāśca ambaṣṭhāḥ kekayaiḥ saha ,
dvādaśaite janapadāḥ śarārtā vraṇapīḍitāḥ ,
saṁgrāme na jahurbhīṣmaṁ yudhyamānaṁ kirīṭinā.

77. śālvāśrayāḥ trigartāḥ ca ambaṣṭhāḥ
kekayaiḥ saha dvādaśa ete janapadāḥ
śarārtāḥ vraṇapīḍitāḥ saṃgrāme
na jahuḥ bhīṣmam yudhyamānam kirīṭinā

77. ca śālvāśrayāḥ trigartāḥ ambaṣṭhāḥ
kekayaiḥ saha ete dvādaśa janapadāḥ
śarārtāḥ vraṇapīḍitāḥ saṃgrāme
kirīṭinā yudhyamānam bhīṣmam na jahuḥ

77. And these twelve peoples (janapadāḥ) – the Shālvas and their allies, the Trigartas, and the Ambashthas along with the Kekayas – though afflicted by arrows and suffering from wounds, did not abandon Bhishma while he was fighting with Arjuna (Kirīṭin).

Words meanings summery:

• शाल्वाश्रयाः (śālvāśrayāḥ) - the people of Shālva and those who depend on them, a specific tribe/region (the Shālvas and their allies/dependents)

• त्रिगर्ताः (trigartāḥ) - a specific tribe/region (the Trigartas (a tribe))

• च (ca) - and (connecting the list of tribes) (and)

• अम्बष्ठाः (ambaṣṭhāḥ) - a specific tribe/region (the Ambashthas (a tribe))

• केकयैः (kekayaiḥ) - with the Kekaya tribe (with the Kekayas)

• सह (saha) - together with (the Kekayas) (with, together with)

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve (referring to the combined list of tribes) (twelve)

• एते (ete) - these (referring to the previously listed tribes) (these)

• जनपदाः (janapadāḥ) - these various tribes/peoples (countries, peoples, tribes)

• शरार्ताः (śarārtāḥ) - suffering from arrow-wounds (afflicted by arrows)

• व्रणपीडिताः (vraṇapīḍitāḥ) - wounded and in pain (suffering from wounds, tormented by wounds)

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in the great battle (Kurukshetra) (in battle, in combat)

• न (na) - did not (abandon) (not)

• जहुः (jahuḥ) - did not abandon (Bhishma) (abandoned, left)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma (the Kuru patriarch) (Bhishma (name of a character))

• युध्यमानम् (yudhyamānam) - while he (Bhishma) was fighting (fighting, battling)

• किरीटिना (kirīṭinā) - by Arjuna (who wore a diadem/crown) (by the crowned one)

Words meanings and morphology

शाल्वाश्रयाः (śālvāśrayāḥ) - the people of Shālva and those who depend on them, a specific tribe/region (the Shālvas and their allies/dependents)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śālvāśraya

śālvāśraya - relying on Salvas, whose refuge is Salvas, Salva and their dependants/allies

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śālva+āśraya)

• śālva – name of a country/people
  proper noun (masculine)
• āśraya – refuge, resort, support, dependency
  noun (masculine)
  derived from ā + śri (to lean upon)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śri (class 1)

त्रिगर्ताः (trigartāḥ) - a specific tribe/region (the Trigartas (a tribe))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of trigarta

trigarta - name of a people/country, 'three pits'

Compound type : dvigu (tri+garta)

• tri – three
  numeral
• garta – pit, ditch, valley
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gṛ (class 6)

च (ca) - and (connecting the list of tribes) (and)

(indeclinable)

conjunction

अम्बष्ठाः (ambaṣṭhāḥ) - a specific tribe/region (the Ambashthas (a tribe))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ambaṣṭha

ambaṣṭha - name of a mixed caste, name of a people/country

केकयैः (kekayaiḥ) - with the Kekaya tribe (with the Kekayas)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kekaya

kekaya - name of a country/people

सह (saha) - together with (the Kekayas) (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

preposition, often used with instrumental case

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve (referring to the combined list of tribes) (twelve)

(numeral)

एते (ete) - these (referring to the previously listed tribes) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

demonstrative pronoun

जनपदाः (janapadāḥ) - these various tribes/peoples (countries, peoples, tribes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of janapada

janapada - country, realm, people of a country, tribe

derived from jana (people) + pada (foot, place)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+pada)

• jana – people, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• pada – foot, place, realm
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pad (class 4)

शरार्ताः (śarārtāḥ) - suffering from arrow-wounds (afflicted by arrows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śarārta

śarārta - distressed by arrows, wounded by arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+ārta)

• śara – arrow, reed
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ (class 1)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, wounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root ṛ (to go) with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

व्रणपीडिताः (vraṇapīḍitāḥ) - wounded and in pain (suffering from wounds, tormented by wounds)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vraṇapīḍita

vraṇapīḍita - tormented by wounds

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vraṇa+pīḍita)

• vraṇa – wound, hurt
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vran (class 1)
• pīḍita – tormented, afflicted, wounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root pīḍ (to oppress, torment)
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in the great battle (Kurukshetra) (in battle, in combat)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, combat

derived from sam + grah (to seize, grasp)

Prefix: sam

Root: grah (class 9)

न (na) - did not (abandon) (not)

(indeclinable)

negation particle

जहुः (jahuḥ) - did not abandon (Bhishma) (abandoned, left)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of hā

root of third class, reduplicated aorist/perfect form

Root: hā (class 3)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhishma (the Kuru patriarch) (Bhishma (name of a character))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable, name of a character in Mahabharata

derived from root bhī (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

युध्यमानम् (yudhyamānam) - while he (Bhishma) was fighting (fighting, battling)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, battling

Present Middle Participle

derived from root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with Bhīṣmam

किरीटिना (kirīṭinā) - by Arjuna (who wore a diadem/crown) (by the crowned one)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kirīṭin

kirīṭin - wearer of a diadem/crown, Arjuna

derived from kirīṭa (diadem/crown) + in (possessive suffix)

Note: Agent in a passive-like construction with yudhyamānam (fighting, being fought).