महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-114, verse-54

ततो दुःशासनं भूयः स्मयमानोऽभ्यभाषत ।
अतिविद्धः शितैर्बाणैर्भृशं गाण्डीवधन्वना ॥५४॥

54. tato duḥśāsanaṁ bhūyaḥ smayamāno'bhyabhāṣata ,
atividdhaḥ śitairbāṇairbhṛśaṁ gāṇḍīvadhanvanā.

54. tataḥ duḥśāsanam bhūyaḥ smayamānaḥ abhyabhāṣata
atividdhaḥ śitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ bhṛśam gāṇḍīvadhanvanā

54. smayamānaḥ gāṇḍīvadhanvanā śitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ bhṛśam
atividdhaḥ tataḥ bhūyaḥ duḥśāsanam abhyabhāṣata

54. Then, smiling, he (Bhīṣma), though severely pierced by the sharp arrows of the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow (Arjuna), again addressed Duḥśāsana.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - Duḥśāsana

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

• स्मयमानः (smayamānaḥ) - smiling

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - he spoke to, he addressed

• अतिविद्धः (atividdhaḥ) - severely pierced, deeply wounded

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - by sharp, by whetted

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, strongly

• गाण्डीवधन्वना (gāṇḍīvadhanvanā) - by the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow, by Arjuna

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Ablative of 'tat' used as an indeclinable adverb.

दुःशासनम् (duḥśāsanam) - Duḥśāsana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duḥśāsana

duḥśāsana - Duḥśāsana (a son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

(indeclinable)

स्मयमानः (smayamānaḥ) - smiling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smayamāna

smayamāna - smiling, laughing gently

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root 'smi' (to smile) with the śānac suffix, indicating a present middle participle.

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Refers to Bhīṣma.

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - he spoke to, he addressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

अतिविद्धः (atividdhaḥ) - severely pierced, deeply wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atividdha

atividdha - severely pierced, deeply wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'ati' (over, excessively) + root 'vyadh' (to pierce) with the 'kta' suffix.

Prefix: ati

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Refers to Bhīṣma.

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - by sharp, by whetted

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, whetted, sharpened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'śo' (to sharpen) with the 'kta' suffix.

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly, strongly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of neuter singular of the adjective 'bhṛśa'.

गाण्डीवधन्वना (gāṇḍīvadhanvanā) - by the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow, by Arjuna

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gāṇḍīvadhanvan

gāṇḍīvadhanvan - wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow (an epithet of Arjuna)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gāṇḍīva+dhanvan)

• gāṇḍīva – Gāṇḍīva (Arjuna's celebrated bow)
  proper noun (neuter)
• dhanvan – bow, archer
  noun (neuter)