महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-114, verse-33

पित्रा तुष्टेन मे पूर्वं यदा कालीमुदावहत् ।
स्वच्छन्दमरणं दत्तमवध्यत्वं रणे तथा ।
तस्मान्मृत्युमहं मन्ये प्राप्तकालमिवात्मनः ॥३३॥

33. pitrā tuṣṭena me pūrvaṁ yadā kālīmudāvahat ,
svacchandamaraṇaṁ dattamavadhyatvaṁ raṇe tathā ,
tasmānmṛtyumahaṁ manye prāptakālamivātmanaḥ.

33. pitrā tuṣṭena me pūrvam yadā kālīm
udāvahat svacchandamaraṇam dattam
avadhyatvam raṇe tathā tasmāt mṛtyum
aham manye prāptakālam iva ātmanaḥ

33. yadā tuṣṭena pitrā me pūrvam kālīm udāvahat,
svacchandamaraṇam raṇe avadhyatvam tathā dattam.
tasmāt aham ātmanaḥ mṛtyum prāptakālam iva manye.

33. Formerly, when my father, being pleased, married Kali, both the boon of death at will and invulnerability in battle were granted to me. Therefore, I consider this death as if it has arrived at its destined time for my ātman (self).

Words meanings summery:

• पित्रा (pitrā) - by my father (King Shantanu) (by the father)

• तुष्टेन (tuṣṭena) - by the pleased father (by the pleased one, by one who is pleased)

• मे (me) - to me (Bhishma) (to me, my)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

• यदा (yadā) - when

• कालीम् (kālīm) - Satyavati, also known as Kali (Kali (name of a woman, goddess))

• उदावहत् (udāvahat) - my father married (Kali) (he married, he took away (a bride))

• स्वच्छन्दमरणम् (svacchandamaraṇam) - the boon of choosing one's own time of death (death at will, optional death, voluntary death)

• दत्तम् (dattam) - given, granted

• अवध्यत्वम् (avadhyatvam) - invulnerability, state of not being killable

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

• तथा (tathā) - and also, similarly (thus, so, similarly, also)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, hence

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

• अहम् (aham) - I

• मन्ये (manye) - I think, I consider, I believe

• प्राप्तकालम् (prāptakālam) - arrived at its destined time (timely, appropriate time, whose time has arrived)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - for my ātman (self) (of the self, for oneself)

Words meanings and morphology

पित्रा (pitrā) - by my father (King Shantanu) (by the father)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Agent of 'dattam' (given by father).

तुष्टेन (tuṣṭena) - by the pleased father (by the pleased one, by one who is pleased)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tuṣṭa

tuṣṭa - pleased, satisfied, contented

Past Passive Participle

From root 'tuṣ' (to be pleased) + suffix 'kta'.

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'pitrā'.

मे (me) - to me (Bhishma) (to me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Enclitic form for genitive or dative.

Note: Dative 'to me' or Genitive 'my'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

(indeclinable)

When used as an adverb, becomes indeclinable.

Note: Temporal adverb.

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb.

कालीम् (kālīm) - Satyavati, also known as Kali (Kali (name of a woman, goddess))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kālī

kālī - Kali (name of a goddess or a woman, often referring to Satyavati, wife of Shantanu), black, dark

Feminine form of 'kāla' or 'kāli'.

Note: Object of 'udāvahat'.

उदावहत् (udāvahat) - my father married (Kali) (he married, he took away (a bride))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Past Imperfect (laṅ) of vah

Imperfect tense of 'vah' with prefixes 'ut' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: ut+ā

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Third person singular imperfect tense.

स्वच्छन्दमरणम् (svacchandamaraṇam) - the boon of choosing one's own time of death (death at will, optional death, voluntary death)

(noun)

neuter, singular of svacchandamaraṇa

svacchandamaraṇa - death at one's own will, optional death

Compound type : Tatpurusha (svacchanda+maraṇa)

• svacchanda – free-willed, independent, self-willed
  adjective/noun
  From 'sva' (self) + 'chanda' (will).
• maraṇa – death, dying
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'mṛ' (to die) + suffix 'ana'.
  Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dattam' or subject if verb is implicit.

दत्तम् (dattam) - given, granted

(adjective)

neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, bestowed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dā' (to give) + suffix 'kta'.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Refers to the boon received.

अवध्यत्वम् (avadhyatvam) - invulnerability, state of not being killable

(noun)

neuter, singular of avadhyatva

avadhyatva - invulnerability, inviolability, state of not being killed

Derived from 'avadhyā' (not to be killed) + suffix 'tva'.

Compound type : Tatpurusha (a+vadhya+tva)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• vadhya – killable, to be killed, punishable
  adjective
  Gerundive
  From root 'vadh' (to strike, kill) + suffix 'ya'.
  Root: vadh (class 1)
• tva – -ness, -hood (suffix forming abstract nouns)
  suffix (noun-forming) (neuter)
  Abstract noun suffix.

Note: Corresponds to 'svacchandamaraṇam' as something granted.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

From root 'raṇ' (to rejoice, to sound).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Specifies where invulnerability applies.

तथा (tathā) - and also, similarly (thus, so, similarly, also)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of manner.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, hence

(indeclinable)

Pronominal stem 'tad' with ablative suffix.

Note: Acts as a conjunction 'therefore'.

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, dying, the god of death

From root 'mṛ' (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 1)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of 'manye'.

मन्ये (manye) - I think, I consider, I believe

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, Present (laṭ) of man

Present tense.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: First person singular present middle.

प्राप्तकालम् (prāptakālam) - arrived at its destined time (timely, appropriate time, whose time has arrived)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prāptakāla

prāptakāla - whose time has arrived, timely, proper time

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (prāpta+kāla)

• prāpta – obtained, reached, arrived
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix 'pra' + root 'āp' (to obtain) + suffix 'kta'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)
• kāla – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

Note: Particle of comparison.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - for my ātman (self) (of the self, for oneself)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual self, essence

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Refers to Bhishma's own self.