योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-34, verse-108

यद्यज्ञास्यन्निमे तत्त्वं भोगदुःखार्थिनस्तदा ।
भावाभावान्धकूपेषु नापतिष्यन्हताशयाः ॥ १०८ ॥

yadyajñāsyannime tattvaṃ bhogaduḥkhārthinastadā ,
bhāvābhāvāndhakūpeṣu nāpatiṣyanhatāśayāḥ 108

108. yadi ajñāsyann ime tattvam bhogaduḥkhārthinaḥ
tadā bhāvābhāvāndhakūpeṣu na apatiṣyan hatāśayāḥ

108. yadi ime bhogaduḥkhārthinaḥ tattvam ajñāsyann
tadā hatāśayāḥ bhāvābhāvāndhakūpeṣu na apatiṣyan

108. If these individuals, who are seekers of pleasure and pain, had truly known the ultimate reality (tattvam), then those desperate ones, whose hopes are ruined, would not have fallen into the blind wells of existence and non-existence.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if

• अज्ञास्यन्न् (ajñāsyann) - they would have known, had they known

• इमे (ime) - these (individuals) (these)

• तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - the ultimate reality (reality, essence, truth, principle)

• भोगदुःखार्थिनः (bhogaduḥkhārthinaḥ) - seekers of pleasure and pain, those desiring enjoyment and suffering

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• भावाभावान्धकूपेषु (bhāvābhāvāndhakūpeṣu) - into the blind wells of existence and non-existence

• न (na) - not

• अपतिष्यन् (apatiṣyan) - would not have fallen

• हताशयाः (hatāśayāḥ) - those whose hopes are ruined, desperate ones

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

अज्ञास्यन्न् (ajñāsyann) - they would have known, had they known

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, conditional aorist (luṅ) of jñā

Prefix: a

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: The initial 'a' is part of the aorist augment, not a negation here, but part of the conditional formation for 'jñāsyann' which is based on future stem.

इमे (ime) - these (individuals) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Agrees with 'bhogaduḥkhārthinaḥ'.

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - the ultimate reality (reality, essence, truth, principle)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - reality, essence, truth, principle

भोगदुःखार्थिनः (bhogaduḥkhārthinaḥ) - seekers of pleasure and pain, those desiring enjoyment and suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhogaduḥkhārthin

bhogaduḥkhārthin - one desiring enjoyment and suffering

Compound type : Dvandva-Tatpurusha (bhoga+duḥkha+arthin)

• bhoga – enjoyment, pleasure, experience
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'bhuj' (to enjoy, eat) with suffix '-a'.
  Root: bhuj (class 7)
• duḥkha – pain, suffering, sorrow
  noun (neuter)
• arthin – seeker, desirer, having a purpose
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'artha' (purpose, object) with suffix '-in'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

भावाभावान्धकूपेषु (bhāvābhāvāndhakūpeṣu) - into the blind wells of existence and non-existence

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bhāvābhāvāndhakūpa

bhāvābhāvāndhakūpa - blind well of being and non-being

Compound type : Dvandva-Tatpurusha-Tatpurusha (bhāva+abhāva+andha+kūpa)

• bhāva – existence, state of being, nature
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, exist).
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• abhāva – non-existence, non-being, absence
  noun (masculine)
  Negation of 'bhāva' with prefix 'a-'.
  Prefix: a
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• andha – blind
  adjective (masculine)
• kūpa – well, pit
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अपतिष्यन् (apatiṣyan) - would not have fallen

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, conditional aorist (luṅ) of pat

Prefix: a

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The initial 'a' is part of the aorist augment, not a prefix 'a-' here, but part of the conditional formation for 'patiṣyan' which is based on future stem.

हताशयाः (hatāśayāḥ) - those whose hopes are ruined, desperate ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hatāśaya

hatāśaya - whose hopes are destroyed, desperate

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (hata+āśaya)

• hata – destroyed, killed, struck down
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill, destroy).
  Root: han (class 2)
• āśaya – hope, intention, desire, abode
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'śī' (to lie) with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śī (class 2)