योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-34, verse-13

बद्धात्मा जिह्वया तुच्छो लोलया लोलसत्तया ।
स्वल्पस्पन्दो द्रव्यनिष्ठो रसो नाहमचेतनः ॥ १३ ॥

baddhātmā jihvayā tuccho lolayā lolasattayā ,
svalpaspando dravyaniṣṭho raso nāhamacetanaḥ 13

13. baddhātmā jihvayā tucchaḥ lolayā lolasattayā
svalpaspandaḥ dravyaniṣṭhaḥ rasaḥ na aham acetanaḥ

13. aham acetanaḥ rasaḥ na baddhātmā jihvayā tucchaḥ
lolayā lolasattayā svalpaspandaḥ dravyaniṣṭhaḥ

13. I am not this unconscious (acetana) taste (rasa), which has its nature (ātman) bound, is trifling, perceived by the fickle tongue due to its restless mode of being, having subtle vibrations, and inhering in material substance.

Words meanings summery:

• बद्धात्मा (baddhātmā) - The taste sensation itself is limited and tied to external factors, unlike the true unbound self. (whose self is bound, bound in nature/essence)

• जिह्वया (jihvayā) - The physical sense organ for taste. (by the tongue)

• तुच्छः (tucchaḥ) - Emphasizing the insubstantiality of taste sensations compared to the true self. (insignificant, trifling, empty, trivial)

• लोलया (lolayā) - Describes the tongue as unsteady or constantly active in sensing tastes. (by the fickle, by the restless, by the trembling)

• लोलसत्तया (lolasattayā) - The impermanent and changing nature of taste sensations. (by its restless existence/nature, by its fickle being)

• स्वल्पस्पन्दः (svalpaspandaḥ) - Refers to the subtle nature of taste as a sensory perception. (of little vibration, having subtle movement/vibration)

• द्रव्यनिष्ठः (dravyaniṣṭhaḥ) - Taste is a quality dependent on a material object, unlike the independent self. (abiding in matter, resting on substance, inherent in a substance)

• रसः (rasaḥ) - The object of the sense of taste. (taste, essence, emotion, juice)

• न (na) - not, no

• अहम् (aham) - The self (ātman), the true subject, distinct from the body. (I)

• अचेतनः (acetanaḥ) - Lacking consciousness or awareness, hence distinct from the conscious self (ātman). (unconscious, insentient, non-sentient)

Words meanings and morphology

बद्धात्मा (baddhātmā) - The taste sensation itself is limited and tied to external factors, unlike the true unbound self. (whose self is bound, bound in nature/essence)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of baddhātman

baddhātman - whose self is bound, bound in nature

Compound of 'baddha' (bound) and 'ātman' (self).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (baddha+ātman)

• baddha – bound, tied, caught
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'bandh' (to bind)
  Root: bandh (class 9)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to 'rasaḥ'.

जिह्वया (jihvayā) - The physical sense organ for taste. (by the tongue)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jihvā

jihvā - tongue

तुच्छः (tucchaḥ) - Emphasizing the insubstantiality of taste sensations compared to the true self. (insignificant, trifling, empty, trivial)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tuccha

tuccha - insignificant, trifling, empty, trivial

Note: Refers to 'rasaḥ'.

लोलया (lolayā) - Describes the tongue as unsteady or constantly active in sensing tastes. (by the fickle, by the restless, by the trembling)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of lola

lola - fickle, restless, trembling, moving

From root 'lul' (to move to and fro)

Root: lul (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'jihvayā'.

लोलसत्तया (lolasattayā) - The impermanent and changing nature of taste sensations. (by its restless existence/nature, by its fickle being)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of lolasattā

lolasattā - restless existence, fickle nature

Compound of 'lola' (restless) and 'sattā' (existence, being).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (lola+sattā)

• lola – fickle, restless
  adjective (feminine)
  Root: lul (class 1)
• sattā – existence, being, reality
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'as' (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Instrumental indicates the means or cause for the restless perception.

स्वल्पस्पन्दः (svalpaspandaḥ) - Refers to the subtle nature of taste as a sensory perception. (of little vibration, having subtle movement/vibration)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svalpaspanda

svalpaspanda - of little vibration, having subtle movement

Compound of 'svalpa' (very little) and 'spanda' (vibration, movement).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (svalpa+spanda)

• svalpa – very little, small
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of 'su' (good, very) and 'alpa' (little)
• spanda – vibration, throb, movement
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'spand' (to throb, vibrate)
  Root: spand (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'rasaḥ'.

द्रव्यनिष्ठः (dravyaniṣṭhaḥ) - Taste is a quality dependent on a material object, unlike the independent self. (abiding in matter, resting on substance, inherent in a substance)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dravyaniṣṭha

dravyaniṣṭha - abiding in matter, inherent in a substance

Compound of 'dravya' (substance, matter) and 'niṣṭha' (resting in, inherent in).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dravya+niṣṭha)

• dravya – substance, matter, object
  noun (neuter)
• niṣṭha – resting in, inherent in, devoted to
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand) with 'ni'
  Prefix: ni
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'rasaḥ'.

रसः (rasaḥ) - The object of the sense of taste. (taste, essence, emotion, juice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - taste, essence, juice, emotion

From root 'ras' (to taste, to sound)

Root: ras (class 1)

Note: The noun being negated as 'I'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of negation.

अहम् (aham) - The self (ātman), the true subject, distinct from the body. (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: First person singular pronoun.

अचेतनः (acetanaḥ) - Lacking consciousness or awareness, hence distinct from the conscious self (ātman). (unconscious, insentient, non-sentient)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of acetana

acetana - unconscious, insentient

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'cetana' (conscious).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (a+cetana)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• cetana – conscious, sentient, having intelligence
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'cit' (to perceive, to be conscious)
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'rasaḥ'.