योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-91, verse-78

श्रीराम उवाच ।
अजडश्चाप्यसंवित्तिः कीदृशो भवति प्रभो ।
असंवित्तौ च जाड्यं तत्कथं वा विनिवर्तते ॥ ७८ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
ajaḍaścāpyasaṃvittiḥ kīdṛśo bhavati prabho ,
asaṃvittau ca jāḍyaṃ tatkathaṃ vā vinivartate 78

78. śrīrāmaḥ uvāca ajaḍaḥ ca api asaṃvittiḥ kīdṛśaḥ bhavati
prabho asaṃvittau ca jāḍyam tat katham vā vinivartate

78. śrīrāmaḥ uvāca he prabho ajaḍaḥ ca api asaṃvittiḥ kīdṛśaḥ
bhavati ca asaṃvittau tat jāḍyam katham vā vinivartate

78. Śrī Rāma said: 'O Lord, what kind of state is it to be undull (ajaḍa) and yet also without consciousness (asaṃvitti)? And how, then, is that dullness (jāḍya) averted within such a state of non-consciousness (asaṃvitti)?'

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीरामः (śrīrāmaḥ) - Śrī Rāma (Lord Rama)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• अजडः (ajaḍaḥ) - undull (not dull, alert, free from inertia)

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - yet also (also, even, too)

• असंवित्तिः (asaṁvittiḥ) - without consciousness (asaṃvitti) (non-consciousness, absence of sensation)

• कीदृशः (kīdṛśaḥ) - what kind of (state) (of what kind, what sort, how)

• भवति (bhavati) - is (the state) (is, becomes)

• प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord (O Lord, O Master)

• असंवित्तौ (asaṁvittau) - within such a state of non-consciousness (asaṃvitti) (in non-consciousness, in the absence of sensation)

• च (ca) - and

• जाड्यम् (jāḍyam) - that dullness (jāḍya) (dullness, inertia, insensibility)

• तत् (tat) - that (dullness) (that, it)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• वा (vā) - then (in a rhetorical sense) (or, and, indeed)

• विनिवर्तते (vinivartate) - is averted (is averted, ceases, turns away, returns)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीरामः (śrīrāmaḥ) - Śrī Rāma (Lord Rama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - Lord Rama, Rama adorned with glory

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śrī+rāma)

• śrī – glory, prosperity, divine grace
  noun (feminine)
• rāma – Rama (a Hindu deity, hero of the Rāmāyaṇa)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect

3rd person singular perfect active. Root vac takes reduplicated form uvāca.

Root: vac (class 2)

अजडः (ajaḍaḥ) - undull (not dull, alert, free from inertia)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajaḍa

ajaḍa - not dull, not inert, intelligent, alert

Compound: a (not) + jaḍa (dull, inert).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+jaḍa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• jaḍa – dull, inert, senseless, foolish
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Predicate adjective.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - yet also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or concessive particle.

असंवित्तिः (asaṁvittiḥ) - without consciousness (asaṃvitti) (non-consciousness, absence of sensation)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of asaṃvitti

asaṁvitti - non-consciousness, absence of sensation, lack of perception

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+saṃvitti)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• saṃvitti – consciousness, sensation, perception
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root vid (to know) with upasarga sam- and suffix -ti.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative.

कीदृशः (kīdṛśaḥ) - what kind of (state) (of what kind, what sort, how)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kīdṛśa

kīdṛśa - of what kind, what sort of, how

Note: Qualifies the state implied by ajaḍaḥ ca api asaṃvittiḥ.

भवति (bhavati) - is (the state) (is, becomes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Active

3rd person singular present active.

Root: bhū (class 1)

प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord (O Lord, O Master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, sovereign

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Vasiṣṭha.

असंवित्तौ (asaṁvittau) - within such a state of non-consciousness (asaṃvitti) (in non-consciousness, in the absence of sensation)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of asaṃvitti

asaṁvitti - non-consciousness, absence of sensation, lack of perception

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+saṃvitti)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• saṃvitti – consciousness, sensation, perception
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root vid (to know) with upasarga sam- and suffix -ti.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Indicates location or condition.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

जाड्यम् (jāḍyam) - that dullness (jāḍya) (dullness, inertia, insensibility)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jāḍya

jāḍya - dullness, inertia, insensibility, stupidity

Derived from jaḍa (dull, inert) with suffix -ya.

Note: Subject of vinivartate.

तत् (tat) - that (dullness) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Refers to the previously mentioned dullness.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

वा (vā) - then (in a rhetorical sense) (or, and, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to introduce the next question, similar to 'then'.

विनिवर्तते (vinivartate) - is averted (is averted, ceases, turns away, returns)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vinivṛt

Present Middle/Passive

3rd person singular present middle/passive. Root vṛt (to turn) with upasargas vi- and ni-.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)