महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-4, verse-63

स एष कदनं कृत्वा महद्रणविशारदः ।
परिवार्य महामात्रैः षड्भिः परमकै रथैः ।
अशक्नुवद्भिर्बीभत्सुमभिमन्युर्निपातितः ॥६३॥

63. sa eṣa kadanaṁ kṛtvā mahadraṇaviśāradaḥ ,
parivārya mahāmātraiḥ ṣaḍbhiḥ paramakai rathaiḥ ,
aśaknuvadbhirbībhatsumabhimanyurnipātitaḥ.

63. saḥ eṣaḥ kadanaṃ kṛtvā mahat
raṇa-viśāradaḥ parivārya mahāmātraiḥ
ṣaḍbhiḥ paramakaiḥ rathaiḥ aśaknuvadbhiḥ
bībhatsuṃ abhimanyuḥ nipātitaḥ

63. saḥ eṣaḥ raṇa-viśāradaḥ mahat kadanaṃ
kṛtvā bībhatsuṃ aśaknuvadbhiḥ
ṣaḍbhiḥ paramakaiḥ rathaiḥ mahāmātraiḥ
parivārya abhimanyuḥ nipātitaḥ

63. This very Abhimanyu, an expert in battle, having caused great destruction, was surrounded by six supreme chariot-warriors (mahāmātra) — warriors who were themselves unable to defeat Arjuna (Bībhatsu) — and was then struck down.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Abhimanyu) (he, that)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (referring to Abhimanyu) (this, he)

• कदनं (kadanaṁ) - slaughter, destruction, havoc

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, after causing

• महत् (mahat) - great, immense, extensive

• रण-विशारदः (raṇa-viśāradaḥ) - skilled in battle, expert in war

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded, having encircled

• महामात्रैः (mahāmātraiḥ) - by great warriors, by great officers/charioteers

• षड्भिः (ṣaḍbhiḥ) - by six

• परमकैः (paramakaiḥ) - by supreme, by excellent

• रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots (representing the charioteers themselves) (by chariots, by charioteers (metonymy))

• अशक्नुवद्भिः (aśaknuvadbhiḥ) - by the charioteers who were unable (by those who were unable, by those incapable)

• बीभत्सुं (bībhatsuṁ) - Arjuna (an epithet) (Arjuna (epithet meaning 'one who hates/avoids'), to be disgusted)

• अभिमन्युः (abhimanyuḥ) - Abhimanyu (name of a hero)

• निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - struck down, killed, felled

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Abhimanyu) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (referring to Abhimanyu) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

कदनं (kadanaṁ) - slaughter, destruction, havoc

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kadana

kadana - slaughter, destruction, havoc, killing

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having made, after causing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root kṛ (to do, to make) with suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

महत् (mahat) - great, immense, extensive

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, important

Note: Modifies 'kadanaṃ'

रण-विशारदः (raṇa-viśāradaḥ) - skilled in battle, expert in war

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of raṇa-viśārada

raṇa-viśārada - skilled in battle, expert in war

Compound type : tatpurusha (raṇa+viśārada)

• raṇa – battle, war
  noun (masculine)
• viśārada – skilled, expert, proficient
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'Abhimanyu'

परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded, having encircled

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) with prefix

Derived from root vṛ (to cover, choose) with upasarga pari, and suffix -ya.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

महामात्रैः (mahāmātraiḥ) - by great warriors, by great officers/charioteers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāmātra

mahāmātra - great officer, chief minister, great warrior, noble

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahā+mātra)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• mātra – measure, amount, officer, dignitary
  noun (masculine)

षड्भिः (ṣaḍbhiḥ) - by six

(numeral)

Note: Modifies 'mahāmātraiḥ' and 'rathaiḥ'

परमकैः (paramakaiḥ) - by supreme, by excellent

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of paramaka

paramaka - supreme, excellent, chief, best

Note: Modifies 'mahāmātraiḥ' and 'rathaiḥ'

रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots (representing the charioteers themselves) (by chariots, by charioteers (metonymy))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

अशक्नुवद्भिः (aśaknuvadbhiḥ) - by the charioteers who were unable (by those who were unable, by those incapable)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśaknuvat

aśaknuvat - unable, incapable, not competent

Present Active Participle (negative)

Derived from root śak (to be able) with negative prefix 'a-' and suffix for present active participle.

Prefix: a

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'mahāmātraiḥ' and 'rathaiḥ'

बीभत्सुं (bībhatsuṁ) - Arjuna (an epithet) (Arjuna (epithet meaning 'one who hates/avoids'), to be disgusted)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bībhatsu

bībhatsu - Arjuna (epithet meaning 'one who hates or avoids foul play'), disgusted, abhorrent

Derived from root badh/bībhā (to feel disgust).

Root: badh (class 1)

अभिमन्युः (abhimanyuḥ) - Abhimanyu (name of a hero)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhimanyu

abhimanyu - Abhimanyu (son of Arjuna and Subhadra)

निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - struck down, killed, felled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - struck down, felled, killed, caused to fall

Past Passive Participle (Causative)

Derived from the causative of root pat (to fall) with upasarga ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)