महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-4, verse-5

ततो द्रोणो महेष्वासः पाञ्चालानां रथव्रजान् ।
निहत्य युधि दुर्धर्षः पश्चाद्रुक्मरथो हतः ॥५॥

5. tato droṇo maheṣvāsaḥ pāñcālānāṁ rathavrajān ,
nihatya yudhi durdharṣaḥ paścādrukmaratho hataḥ.

5. tataḥ droṇaḥ maheṣvāsaḥ pāñcālānām rathavrajān
nihatya yudhi durdharṣaḥ paścāt rukmarathaḥ hataḥ

5. tataḥ droṇaḥ maheṣvāsaḥ durdharṣaḥ yudhi pāñcālānām
rathavrajān nihatya paścāt rukmarathaḥ hataḥ

5. Then Drona, the great archer (maheṣvāsaḥ) and formidable (durdharṣaḥ) in battle, having destroyed the throngs of chariots belonging to the Pancalas, Rukmaratha was subsequently killed.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona, a prominent warrior and teacher (Drona)

• महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - Drona, the great archer (great archer)

• पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - of the warriors from the Pancala kingdom (of the Pancalas)

• रथव्रजान् (rathavrajān) - the multitude of Pancala chariots or charioteers (throngs of chariots, charioteers)

• निहत्य (nihatya) - having destroyed the Pancala chariots/charioteers (having killed, having destroyed)

• युधि (yudhi) - in the battle being described (in battle, in war)

• दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - Drona, who was formidable (formidable, unassailable, unconquerable)

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - subsequently (afterwards, subsequently, behind)

• रुक्मरथः (rukmarathaḥ) - Rukmaratha, a specific warrior (likely a Pancala prince or ally) (Rukmaratha)

• हतः (hataḥ) - was killed (Rukmaratha was killed) (killed, slain, destroyed)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

suffix -tas denoting 'from that'

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona, a prominent warrior and teacher (Drona)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (proper name); a measure of grain; a kind of drum

महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - Drona, the great archer (great archer)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer, one with great arrows and bow

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+iṣu+āsa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• āsa – thrower, user (from root 'as' to throw, or 'ās' to sit/be); bow (metaphorically)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'as' (to throw), or meaning 'seat'/'bow'
  Root: as (class 4)

पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - of the warriors from the Pancala kingdom (of the Pancalas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - Pancala (name of a country or its inhabitants)

रथव्रजान् (rathavrajān) - the multitude of Pancala chariots or charioteers (throngs of chariots, charioteers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathavraja

rathavraja - multitude of chariots, throng of chariots

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+vraja)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• vraja – multitude, throng, herd
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vraj (class 1)

निहत्य (nihatya) - having destroyed the Pancala chariots/charioteers (having killed, having destroyed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

prefix ni- + root han (to strike/kill) + suffix -tya (absolutive)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

युधि (yudhi) - in the battle being described (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - Drona, who was formidable (formidable, unassailable, unconquerable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - difficult to assault, formidable, unconquerable

gerundive/past passive participle (potential sense)

prefix dur- (difficult) + root dhṛṣ (to dare, assault) + suffix -a (agent/potential)

Prefix: dur

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

पश्चात् (paścāt) - subsequently (afterwards, subsequently, behind)

(indeclinable)

indeclinable from paśca (west, behind)

रुक्मरथः (rukmarathaḥ) - Rukmaratha, a specific warrior (likely a Pancala prince or ally) (Rukmaratha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rukmaratha

rukmaratha - Rukmaratha (proper name, literally 'golden charioted')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (rukma+ratha)

• rukma – gold, golden
  noun (neuter)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

हतः (hataḥ) - was killed (Rukmaratha was killed) (killed, slain, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed, struck

Past Passive Participle

root han (to strike, kill) + suffix -ta

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Functions as the main verb 'was killed' here.