महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-4, verse-38

गोकुले नित्यसंवृद्धा युद्धे परमकोविदाः ।
श्रेणयो बहुसाहस्राः संशप्तकगणाश्च ये ।
ते सर्वे पार्थमासाद्य गता वैवस्वतक्षयम् ॥३८॥

38. gokule nityasaṁvṛddhā yuddhe paramakovidāḥ ,
śreṇayo bahusāhasrāḥ saṁśaptakagaṇāśca ye ,
te sarve pārthamāsādya gatā vaivasvatakṣayam.

38. gokule nityasaṃvṛddhāḥ yuddhe
paramakovidāḥ śreṇayaḥ bahusāhasrāḥ
saṃśaptakagaṇāḥ ca ye te sarve
pārtham āsādya gatāḥ vaivasvatakṣayam

38. ye śreṇayaḥ bahusāhasrāḥ gokule
nityasaṃvṛddhāḥ yuddhe paramakovidāḥ
ca saṃśaptakagaṇāḥ te sarve
pārtham āsādya vaivasvatakṣayam gatāḥ

38. All those multitudes, numbering many thousands, who were ever thriving in Gokula and supremely skilled in battle, as well as the troops of the Saṃśaptakas—they all, upon encountering Pārtha (Arjuna), have gone to the abode of Yama (Vaivasvata).

Words meanings summery:

• गोकुले (gokule) - in the cow-herding settlement of Gokula (in the cow-herding settlement, in Gokula)

• नित्यसंवृद्धाः (nityasaṁvṛddhāḥ) - constantly grown up, ever thriving, perpetually flourishing

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• परमकोविदाः (paramakovidāḥ) - supremely skilled, most proficient

• श्रेणयः (śreṇayaḥ) - ranks, lines, hosts, multitudes

• बहुसाहस्राः (bahusāhasrāḥ) - consisting of many thousands, many thousands in number

• संशप्तकगणाः (saṁśaptakagaṇāḥ) - the specific groups of warriors who had sworn an oath to fight to the death (troops of the Saṃśaptakas)

• च (ca) - and, also

• ये (ye) - who, which

• ते (te) - they, those

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (to Pārtha, to Arjuna)

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having encountered Pārtha (Arjuna) (having reached, having approached, having obtained)

• गताः (gatāḥ) - have gone (to the realm of death) (gone, reached, died)

• वैवस्वतक्षयम् (vaivasvatakṣayam) - to the realm of death governed by Yama (Vaivasvata) (to the abode of Yama, to destruction by Yama)

Words meanings and morphology

गोकुले (gokule) - in the cow-herding settlement of Gokula (in the cow-herding settlement, in Gokula)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gokula

gokula - cow-pen, cow-herd's settlement, Gokula (proper noun)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+kula)

• go – cow, cattle, earth, ray of light
  noun (feminine)
• kula – family, lineage, race, herd, multitude
  noun (neuter)

नित्यसंवृद्धाः (nityasaṁvṛddhāḥ) - constantly grown up, ever thriving, perpetually flourishing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nityasaṃvṛddha

nityasaṁvṛddha - constantly thriving/flourishing, ever prosperous

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nitya+saṃvṛddha)

• nitya – constant, perpetual, eternal, always
  adjective (masculine)
• saṃvṛddha – grown up, increased, prosperous, flourished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of `sam-vṛdh` (to grow, thrive).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Used here as a predicate adjective qualifying `śreṇayaḥ` and `gaṇāḥ`.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of `yudh` (to fight), nominalized.

Root: yudh (class 4)

परमकोविदाः (paramakovidāḥ) - supremely skilled, most proficient

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paramakovida

paramakovida - supremely skilled, highly proficient

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+kovida)

• parama – supreme, highest, utmost, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• kovida – skilled, knowing, expert, proficient
  adjective (masculine)
  From `ku` (earth) + `vid` (to know), or simply 'knowing'.
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Used here as a predicate adjective qualifying `śreṇayaḥ` and `gaṇāḥ`.

श्रेणयः (śreṇayaḥ) - ranks, lines, hosts, multitudes

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śreṇi

śreṇi - row, line, rank, series, host, multitude

Root: śrī (class 1)

Note: Refers to groups of warriors.

बहुसाहस्राः (bahusāhasrāḥ) - consisting of many thousands, many thousands in number

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahusāhasra

bahusāhasra - consisting of many thousands, many thousands

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+sāhasra)

• bahu – many, much, numerous
  adjective (masculine)
• sāhasra – consisting of a thousand, a thousandfold, relating to a thousand
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from `sahasra` (thousand) with adjectival suffix `a`.

Note: Used here with masculine ending, referring to groups of warriors.

संशप्तकगणाः (saṁśaptakagaṇāḥ) - the specific groups of warriors who had sworn an oath to fight to the death (troops of the Saṃśaptakas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃśaptakagaṇa

saṁśaptakagaṇa - troops/groups of Saṃśaptakas (warriors who have sworn a mutual oath)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃśaptaka+gaṇa)

• saṃśaptaka – one who has sworn a mutual oath (to fight to the death)
  noun (masculine)
  From `sam-śap` (to swear) with `taka` suffix. Refers to a sworn warrior.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śap (class 1)
• gaṇa – group, host, multitude, troop
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yat

yat - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to `śreṇayaḥ` and `saṃśaptakagaṇāḥ`.

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, they

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Correlative pronoun for `ye`.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every, entire

Universal pronoun.

Note: Adjective agreeing with `te`.

पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Arjuna, son of Pṛthā (to Pārtha, to Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna (proper noun)

Derived from Pṛthā with patronymic suffix `a`.

Note: Object of `āsādya`.

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having encountered Pārtha (Arjuna) (having reached, having approached, having obtained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of `ā-sad` (to approach, reach).

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

गताः (gatāḥ) - have gone (to the realm of death) (gone, reached, died)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, passed away

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root `gam` (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective, functioning as main verb.

वैवस्वतक्षयम् (vaivasvatakṣayam) - to the realm of death governed by Yama (Vaivasvata) (to the abode of Yama, to destruction by Yama)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaivasvatakṣaya

vaivasvatakṣaya - the destruction/abode of Vaivasvata (Yama), the realm of death

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vaivasvata+kṣaya)

• vaivasvata – son of Vivasvat (the sun god), Yama (proper noun)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Derived from Vivasvat with patronymic suffix `a`.
• kṣaya – destruction, end, loss, abode, dwelling
  noun (masculine)
  From `kṣi` (to destroy, dwell).
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Indicates the destination of 'gone'.