महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-4, verse-61

तथा विराटद्रुपदौ वृद्धौ सहसुतौ नृपौ ।
पराक्रमन्तौ मित्रार्थे द्रोणेन निहतौ रणे ॥६१॥

61. tathā virāṭadrupadau vṛddhau sahasutau nṛpau ,
parākramantau mitrārthe droṇena nihatau raṇe.

61. tathā virāṭa-drupadau vṛddhau saha-sutau nṛpau
parākramantau mitrārthe droṇena nihatāu raṇe

61. tathā vṛddhau saha-sutau nṛpau virāṭa-drupadau
mitrārthe parākramantau raṇe droṇena nihatāu

61. Likewise, the aged kings Virata and Drupada, along with their sons, though fighting valiantly for their ally, were slain by Drona in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly, likewise

• विराट-द्रुपदौ (virāṭa-drupadau) - Virata and Drupada

• वृद्धौ (vṛddhau) - aged, old

• सह-सुतौ (saha-sutau) - with sons, accompanied by sons

• नृपौ (nṛpau) - kings

• पराक्रमन्तौ (parākramantau) - showing valor, fighting valiantly, attacking

• मित्रार्थे (mitrārthe) - for the sake of a friend, for a friend's purpose

• द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Drona

• निहताउ (nihatāu) - killed, struck down

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly, likewise

(indeclinable)

विराट-द्रुपदौ (virāṭa-drupadau) - Virata and Drupada

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of virāṭa-drupada

virāṭa-drupada - Virata and Drupada (names of kings)

Compound type : dvandva (virāṭa+drupada)

• virāṭa – Virata (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• drupada – Drupada (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)

वृद्धौ (vṛddhau) - aged, old

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vṛddha

vṛddha - aged, old, grown, augmented

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛdh (to grow) with the 'kta' suffix.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'nṛpau'

सह-सुतौ (saha-sutau) - with sons, accompanied by sons

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of saha-suta

saha-suta - with sons

Compound type : bahuvrihi (saha+suta)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
• suta – son, offspring
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root sū (to beget).
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'nṛpau'

नृपौ (nṛpau) - kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, monarch

Compound 'nṛ-pā' (protector of men).

पराक्रमन्तौ (parākramantau) - showing valor, fighting valiantly, attacking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of parākramant

parākramant - showing valor, fighting valiantly

Present Active Participle

From root kram (to step) with upasarga parā, in active voice.

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'nṛpau'

मित्रार्थे (mitrārthe) - for the sake of a friend, for a friend's purpose

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mitrārtha

mitrārtha - sake of a friend

Compound type : tatpurusha (mitra+artha)

• mitra – friend, ally
  noun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, aim, sake, meaning
  noun (masculine)

द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Drona

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (a famous preceptor in the Mahabharata)

निहताउ (nihatāu) - killed, struck down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with upasarga ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'nṛpau'

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat