महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-4, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा महाराज धृतराष्ट्रोऽम्बिकासुतः ।
अब्रवीत्संजयं सूतं शोकव्याकुलचेतनः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
etacchrutvā mahārāja dhṛtarāṣṭro'mbikāsutaḥ ,
abravītsaṁjayaṁ sūtaṁ śokavyākulacetanaḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | etat śrutvā mahārāja dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ
ambikāsutaḥ | abravīt saṃjayaṃ sūtaṃ śokavyākulacetanaḥ

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca mahārāja,
etat śrutvā ambikāsutaḥ dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ śokavyākulacetanaḥ saṃjayaṃ sūtaṃ abravīt.

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: "Having heard this, O great king, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the son of Ambikā, whose mind was bewildered by sorrow, spoke to Sañjaya, the charioteer."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya. (Vaiśampayana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the news and events of the Mahābhārata war. (this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Address by Vaiśaṃpāyana to King Janamejaya. (O great king)

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king of Hastinapura, father of the Kauravas. (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• अम्बिकासुतः (ambikāsutaḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra, whose mother was Ambikā. (son of Ambikā)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• संजयं (saṁjayaṁ) - The charioteer and messenger of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (Sañjaya)

• सूतं (sūtaṁ) - Referring to Sañjaya, who was Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and messenger. (charioteer, bard)

• शोकव्याकुलचेतनः (śokavyākulacetanaḥ) - Describing Dhṛtarāṣṭra's distraught state of mind. (whose mind is bewildered by sorrow)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya. (Vaiśampayana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

from √vac, 3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the news and events of the Mahābhārata war. (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from √śru with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

महाराज (mahārāja) - Address by Vaiśaṃpāyana to King Janamejaya. (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king of Hastinapura, father of the Kauravas. (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of a king)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne
  past passive participle
  Past Passive Participle
  from √dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm
  noun (neuter)

अम्बिकासुतः (ambikāsutaḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra, whose mother was Ambikā. (son of Ambikā)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ambikāsuta

ambikāsuta - son of Ambikā

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (ambikā+suta)

• ambikā – Ambikā (proper name)
  proper noun (feminine)
• suta – son
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √sū
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

imperfect active

from √brū (also √vac), 3rd person singular imperfect active

Root: brū (class 2)

संजयं (saṁjayaṁ) - The charioteer and messenger of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (Sañjaya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (proper name)

सूतं (sūtaṁ) - Referring to Sañjaya, who was Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and messenger. (charioteer, bard)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, a mixed caste

Note: Agrees with 'saṃjayaṃ'.

शोकव्याकुलचेतनः (śokavyākulacetanaḥ) - Describing Dhṛtarāṣṭra's distraught state of mind. (whose mind is bewildered by sorrow)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokavyākulacetana

śokavyākulacetana - one whose mind is agitated/disturbed by sorrow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoka+vyākula+cetana)

• śoka – sorrow, grief
  noun (masculine)
• vyākula – agitated, confused, bewildered
  adjective
  Prefixes: vi+ā
• cetana – mind, consciousness, intelligent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ'.