महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-4, verse-48

पत्तीनां निहताः संघा हयानामयुतानि च ।
रथव्रजाश्च निहता हताश्च वरवारणाः ॥४८॥

48. pattīnāṁ nihatāḥ saṁghā hayānāmayutāni ca ,
rathavrajāśca nihatā hatāśca varavāraṇāḥ.

48. pattīnām nihatāḥ saṅghāḥ hayānām ayutāni ca
rathavrajāḥ ca nihatāḥ hatāḥ ca varavāraṇāḥ

48. pattīnām saṅghāḥ nihatāḥ hayānām ayutāni ca
rathavrajāḥ ca nihatāḥ varavāraṇāḥ ca hatāḥ

48. Multitudes of infantry were slain, and tens of thousands of horses; troops of chariots were destroyed, and excellent elephants were killed.

Words meanings summery:

• पत्तीनाम् (pattīnām) - of the infantry; of the foot soldiers

• निहताः (nihatāḥ) - were killed in battle (slain; killed; destroyed)

• सङ्घाः (saṅghāḥ) - large groups or divisions of infantry (multitudes; groups; hosts; assemblies)

• हयानाम् (hayānām) - of horses

• अयुतानि (ayutāni) - implying a very large number of horses (tens of thousands; myriads)

• च (ca) - and; also

• रथव्रजाः (rathavrajāḥ) - troops of chariots; multitude of chariots

• च (ca) - and; also

• निहताः (nihatāḥ) - were destroyed in battle (slain; killed; destroyed)

• हताः (hatāḥ) - were killed in battle (killed; slain; destroyed)

• च (ca) - and; also

• वरवारणाः (varavāraṇāḥ) - elephants of superior quality or battle-trained elephants (excellent elephants)

Words meanings and morphology

पत्तीनाम् (pattīnām) - of the infantry; of the foot soldiers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of patti

patti - foot soldier; infantry; a kind of military array

निहताः (nihatāḥ) - were killed in battle (slain; killed; destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - killed; slain; destroyed; struck

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √han (to strike, kill) with the prefix ni- (down, completely)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Functions as the main verb here, implying 'were killed'.

सङ्घाः (saṅghāḥ) - large groups or divisions of infantry (multitudes; groups; hosts; assemblies)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṅgha

saṅgha - multitude; group; collection; community

हयानाम् (hayānām) - of horses

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

अयुतानि (ayutāni) - implying a very large number of horses (tens of thousands; myriads)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of ayuta

ayuta - ten thousand; a myriad; not yoked

च (ca) - and; also

(indeclinable)

रथव्रजाः (rathavrajāḥ) - troops of chariots; multitude of chariots

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of rathavraja

rathavraja - multitude of chariots; troops of chariots

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+vraja)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• vraja – flock; herd; troop; multitude
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and; also

(indeclinable)

निहताः (nihatāḥ) - were destroyed in battle (slain; killed; destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nihata

nihata - killed; slain; destroyed; struck

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √han (to strike, kill) with the prefix ni- (down, completely)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'rathavrajāḥ' in feminine plural nominative.

हताः (hatāḥ) - were killed in battle (killed; slain; destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of hata

hata - killed; slain; destroyed; struck

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'varavāraṇāḥ' in feminine plural nominative (though 'vāraṇa' is masc., sometimes used with feminine agreement for collective nouns or due to poetic license).

च (ca) - and; also

(indeclinable)

वरवारणाः (varavāraṇāḥ) - elephants of superior quality or battle-trained elephants (excellent elephants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varavāraṇa

varavāraṇa - excellent elephant; best elephant

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vara+vāraṇa)

• vara – best; excellent; choice
  adjective
• vāraṇa – elephant
  noun (masculine)