महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-4, verse-42

तथैव रथिनां श्रेष्ठः क्षेमधूर्तिर्विशां पते ।
निहतो गदया राजन्भीमसेनेन संयुगे ॥४२॥

42. tathaiva rathināṁ śreṣṭhaḥ kṣemadhūrtirviśāṁ pate ,
nihato gadayā rājanbhīmasenena saṁyuge.

42. tathā eva rathinām śreṣṭhaḥ kṣemadhūrtiḥ viśām
pate nihataḥ gadayā rājan bhīmasenena saṃyuge

42. tathā eva viśām pate rājan rathinām śreṣṭhaḥ
kṣemadhūrtiḥ bhīmasenena gadayā saṃyuge nihataḥ

42. Similarly, O lord of the people, O king, Kshemadhurti, who was the foremost among charioteers, was killed in battle by Bhimasena with his mace.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers, among charioteers

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, foremost, most excellent

• क्षेमधूर्तिः (kṣemadhūrtiḥ) - Kshemadhurti

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck down

• गदया (gadayā) - by a mace

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - by Bhimasena

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers, among charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - best, foremost, most excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, chief, foremost

Superlative degree of 'praśasya' (good)

क्षेमधूर्तिः (kṣemadhūrtiḥ) - Kshemadhurti

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Kṣemadhūrti

Kṣemadhūrti - Kshemadhurti (name of a warrior)

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, owner

निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, slain, struck down

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root han with upasarga ni

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Functions as a finite verb here.

गदया (gadayā) - by a mace

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - by Bhimasena

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of Bhīmasena

Bhīmasena - Bhimasena (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhīma+senā)

• bhīma – terrible, formidable
  adjective
• senā – army
  noun (feminine)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, war