महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-4, verse-35

नागायुतबलो राजा नागायुतबलो महान् ।
सगणः पाण्डुपुत्रेण निहतः सव्यसाचिना ॥३५॥

35. nāgāyutabalo rājā nāgāyutabalo mahān ,
sagaṇaḥ pāṇḍuputreṇa nihataḥ savyasācinā.

35. nāgāyutabalaḥ rājā nāgāyutabalaḥ mahān
sagaṇaḥ pāṇḍuputreṇa nihataḥ savyasācinā

35. nāgāyutabalaḥ mahān rājā,
nāgāyutabalaḥ (ca),
sagaṇaḥ,
pāṇḍuputreṇa savyasācinā nihataḥ.

35. The great king, who possessed the strength of ten thousand elephants, along with his retinue, was killed by the son of Pandu (Pāṇḍuputreṇa), Savyasacin (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• नागायुतबलः (nāgāyutabalaḥ) - possessing the strength of ten thousand elephants

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• नागायुतबलः (nāgāyutabalaḥ) - possessing the strength of ten thousand elephants

• महान् (mahān) - great, mighty, large

• सगणः (sagaṇaḥ) - with his retinue, with his followers/troops

• पाण्डुपुत्रेण (pāṇḍuputreṇa) - by Arjuna (by the son of Pandu)

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck down, slain

• सव्यसाचिना (savyasācinā) - by Savyasacin (Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

नागायुतबलः (nāgāyutabalaḥ) - possessing the strength of ten thousand elephants

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāgāyutabala

nāgāyutabala - having the strength of ten thousand elephants

Bahuvrīhi compound: `nāga` (elephant) + `ayuta` (ten thousand) + `bala` (strength).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nāga+ayuta+bala)

• nāga – elephant, snake
  noun (masculine)
• ayuta – ten thousand
  numeral (neuter)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes the king.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

नागायुतबलः (nāgāyutabalaḥ) - possessing the strength of ten thousand elephants

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāgāyutabala

nāgāyutabala - having the strength of ten thousand elephants

Bahuvrīhi compound: `nāga` (elephant) + `ayuta` (ten thousand) + `bala` (strength).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nāga+ayuta+bala)

• nāga – elephant, snake
  noun (masculine)
• ayuta – ten thousand
  numeral (neuter)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Repetition emphasizes the king's extraordinary strength.

महान् (mahān) - great, mighty, large

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, mighty, large, eminent

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

सगणः (sagaṇaḥ) - with his retinue, with his followers/troops

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sagaṇa

sagaṇa - accompanied by his retinue/followers/troops

Bahuvrīhi compound: `sa` (with) + `gaṇa` (multitude, troop, retinue).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+gaṇa)

• sa – with, accompanied by (indeclinable prefix)
  indeclinable
• gaṇa – multitude, troop, retinue, host
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

पाण्डुपुत्रेण (pāṇḍuputreṇa) - by Arjuna (by the son of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāṇḍuputra

pāṇḍuputra - son of Pandu (specifically Arjuna here, as per 'Savyasācin')

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+putra)

• pāṇḍu – Pandu (name of a king, father of the Pandavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of the action.

निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck down, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, slain

Past Passive Participle

From root `han` (to strike, kill) with upasarga `ni` and suffix `kta`.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence, agreeing with 'rājā'.

सव्यसाचिना (savyasācinā) - by Savyasacin (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - Savyasacin (Arjuna, 'one who can shoot with the left hand')

Bahuvrīhi compound: `savya` (left) + `sācin` (shooter).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (savya+sācin)

• savya – left, left hand
  adjective
• sācin – shooter, bowman (from root `sac` 'to follow' or `sā` 'to sharpen', contextually associated with `sāyaka` 'arrow')
  noun (masculine)
  From `sā` + `in` (agent suffix). Or related to `sāyaka` (arrow).

Note: Epithet of Arjuna.