महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-4, verse-39

स्यालौ तव महाराज राजानौ वृषकाचलौ ।
त्वदर्थे संपराक्रान्तौ निहतौ सव्यसाचिना ॥३९॥

39. syālau tava mahārāja rājānau vṛṣakācalau ,
tvadarthe saṁparākrāntau nihatau savyasācinā.

39. syālau tava mahārāja rājānau vṛṣakācalau
tvadarthe saṃparākrāntau nihatau savyasācinā

39. mahārāja tava syālau rājānau vṛṣakācalau
tvadarthe saṃparākrāntau savyasācinā nihatau

39. O great king, your two brothers-in-law, the kings Vṛṣaka and Acala, who fought valiantly for your sake, have been slain by Savyasācin (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• स्यालौ (syālau) - two brothers-in-law

• तव (tava) - your

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king Duryodhana (O great king)

• राजानौ (rājānau) - two kings

• वृषकाचलौ (vṛṣakācalau) - Vṛṣaka and Acala

• त्वदर्थे (tvadarthe) - for the sake of Duryodhana (for your sake, for your purpose)

• संपराक्रान्तौ (saṁparākrāntau) - having fought valiantly, having exerted themselves fully

• निहतौ (nihatau) - slain, killed

• सव्यसाचिना (savyasācinā) - by Arjuna, the ambidextrous archer (by Savyasācin (Arjuna))

Words meanings and morphology

स्यालौ (syālau) - two brothers-in-law

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of syāla

syāla - brother-in-law (wife's brother)

Note: Subject of the sentence (implicitly, as they are slain).

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular, informal)

Second person personal pronoun.

Note: Refers to Duryodhana (the speaker is Sañjaya).

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king Duryodhana (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karma_dhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing Duryodhana.

राजानौ (rājānau) - two kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

Note: Appositive to `syālau`.

वृषकाचलौ (vṛṣakācalau) - Vṛṣaka and Acala

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vṛṣakācala

vṛṣakācala - Vṛṣaka and Acala (names of two kings)

Compound type : dvandva (vṛṣaka+acala)

• vṛṣaka – Vṛṣaka (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• acala – Acala (proper name), immovable, mountain
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Joint nominative dual.

त्वदर्थे (tvadarthe) - for the sake of Duryodhana (for your sake, for your purpose)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tvadartha

tvadartha - for your sake, on your account

Locative case of `tvadartha` (your purpose/sake).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tvad+artha)

• tvad – from you, your (ablative/genitive base for compounds)
  pronoun
  Base form for 'you' in compounds.
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, sake, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Often functions as an adverbial expression.

संपराक्रान्तौ (saṁparākrāntau) - having fought valiantly, having exerted themselves fully

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of saṃparākrānta

saṁparākrānta - having fought valiantly, exerted fully, attacked strongly

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of `sam-parā-kram` (to exert oneself, fight valiantly).

Prefixes: sam+parā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with `syālau`.

निहतौ (nihatau) - slain, killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of `ni-han` (to strike down, kill).

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective, functioning as the main verb.

सव्यसाचिना (savyasācinā) - by Arjuna, the ambidextrous archer (by Savyasācin (Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - one who can shoot with the left hand, ambidextrous, Arjuna (proper noun)

Compound referring to Arjuna's skill.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (savya+sācin)

• savya – left (hand), reverse, adverse
  adjective (masculine)
• sācin – drawing (a bow), shooting
  adjective (masculine)
  Related to root `sā` (to sharpen, shoot) or `sañj` (to attach). Literally 'left-shooting'.
  Root: sac (class 1)

Note: Agent in the passive construction.