महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-4, verse-33

दुर्मर्षणो दुर्विषहो दुर्जयश्च महारथः ।
कृत्वा नसुकरं कर्म गता वैवस्वतक्षयम् ॥३३॥

33. durmarṣaṇo durviṣaho durjayaśca mahārathaḥ ,
kṛtvā nasukaraṁ karma gatā vaivasvatakṣayam.

33. durmarṣaṇaḥ durviṣahaḥ durjayaḥ ca mahārathaḥ
kṛtvā na sukaraṃ karma gatā vaivasvatakṣayam

33. mahārathaḥ durmarṣaṇaḥ durviṣahaḥ durjayaḥ ca,
na sukaraṃ karma kṛtvā,
vaivasvatakṣayam gatā.

33. Those great chariot-fighters, who were difficult to tolerate, hard to overcome, and unconquerable, after performing deeds not easy to accomplish (karma), have gone to the abode of Yama.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्मर्षणः (durmarṣaṇaḥ) - difficult to tolerate, hard to endure

• दुर्विषहः (durviṣahaḥ) - difficult to bear, hard to overcome, irresistible

• दुर्जयः (durjayaḥ) - difficult to conquer, unconquerable, invincible

• च (ca) - and, also

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - a great chariot-fighter, a great warrior

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• न (na) - not, no

• सुकरं (sukaraṁ) - not easy to do, difficult (easy to do, feasible)

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed, work

• गता (gatā) - have gone (to the abode of Yama) (gone, departed, reached)

• वैवस्वतक्षयम् (vaivasvatakṣayam) - to the abode of Yama, to destruction by Yama

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्मर्षणः (durmarṣaṇaḥ) - difficult to tolerate, hard to endure

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmarṣaṇa

durmarṣaṇa - difficult to tolerate, hard to endure

Compound formed with `dur-` (bad, difficult) and `marṣaṇa` (toleration). From root `mṛṣ` (to bear, endure).

Prefix: dur

Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Describes the implied subject, represented by 'mahārathaḥ'.

दुर्विषहः (durviṣahaḥ) - difficult to bear, hard to overcome, irresistible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durviṣaha

durviṣaha - difficult to bear, hard to overcome, irresistible

Compound formed with `dur-` (bad, difficult) and `viṣaha` (bearing, enduring). From root `sah` (to bear) with upasarga `vi`.

Prefixes: dur+vi

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Describes the implied subject, represented by 'mahārathaḥ'.

दुर्जयः (durjayaḥ) - difficult to conquer, unconquerable, invincible

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durjaya

durjaya - difficult to conquer, unconquerable, invincible

Compound formed with `dur-` (bad, difficult) and `jaya` (victory). From root `ji` (to conquer).

Prefix: dur

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Describes the implied subject, represented by 'mahārathaḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction connecting adjectives.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - a great chariot-fighter, a great warrior

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, great chariot-fighter, one who can fight 10,000 warriors

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (especially one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to a class of warriors. While grammatically singular, the following verb 'gatā' is plural, indicating a collective sense or poetic license for multiple warriors.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root `kṛ` (to do, make) with suffix `-tvā`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb 'gatā'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle for 'sukaram'.

सुकरं (sukaraṁ) - not easy to do, difficult (easy to do, feasible)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukara

sukara - easy to do, feasible

Compound formed with `su-` (good, easy) and `kara` (making, doing). From root `kṛ` (to do).

Prefix: su

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'karma'. 'na sukaraṃ karma' means 'a deed that is not easy to do', i.e., a difficult deed.

कर्म (karma) - action, deed, work

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work (karma)

From root `kṛ` (to do) with suffix `man`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

गता (gatā) - have gone (to the abode of Yama) (gone, departed, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

From root `gam` (to go) with suffix `kta`.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as the main verb. Grammatically feminine plural, though the implied subjects are masculine warriors. This is a common poetic flexibility in epics where `gatā` can sometimes be used for masculine plural subjects, or it refers to an implied feminine plural noun like 'lives' or 'forces'.

वैवस्वतक्षयम् (vaivasvatakṣayam) - to the abode of Yama, to destruction by Yama

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaivasvatakṣaya

vaivasvatakṣaya - the destruction/abode of Vaivasvata (Yama)

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vaivasvata+kṣaya)

• vaivasvata – son of Vivasvat; an epithet of Yama
  proper noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – destruction, end, abode, dwelling
  noun (masculine)
  From root `kṣi` (to decay, destroy, rule).
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Indicates the destination of 'gatā'.