महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-4, verse-27

शल्यपुत्रस्तु विक्रान्तः सहदेवेन मारिष ।
हतो रुक्मरथो राजन्भ्राता मातुलजो युधि ॥२७॥

27. śalyaputrastu vikrāntaḥ sahadevena māriṣa ,
hato rukmaratho rājanbhrātā mātulajo yudhi.

27. śalyaputraḥ tu vikrāntaḥ sahadevena māriṣa
hataḥ rukmarathaḥ rājan bhrātā mātulajaḥ yudhi

27. māriṣa rājan,
sahadevena vikrāntaḥ mātulajaḥ bhrātā śalyaputraḥ rukmarathaḥ tu yudhi hataḥ

27. O respected one, O King, Shalya's valiant son Rukmaratha, who was his maternal cousin, was killed by Sahadeva in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• शल्यपुत्रः (śalyaputraḥ) - son of Shalya

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• विक्रान्तः (vikrāntaḥ) - valorous, mighty, courageous

• सहदेवेन (sahadevena) - by Sahadeva

• मारिष (māriṣa) - O respected one, O noble one

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, slain

• रुक्मरथः (rukmarathaḥ) - Rukmaratha (proper name)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

• मातुलजः (mātulajaḥ) - maternal uncle's son, cousin

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight

Words meanings and morphology

शल्यपुत्रः (śalyaputraḥ) - son of Shalya

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalyaputra

śalyaputra - son of Shalya

śalya (Shalya, proper name) + putra (son)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śalya+putra)

• śalya – Shalya (king of Madra, maternal uncle of Nakula and Sahadeva)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of hataḥ.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

विक्रान्तः (vikrāntaḥ) - valorous, mighty, courageous

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikrānta

vikrānta - valorous, brave, mighty, having stridden or overcome

Past Active/Passive Participle

From vi-√kram (to step, display valor)

Prefix: vi

Root: √kram (class 1)

Note: Adjectival use.

सहदेवेन (sahadevena) - by Sahadeva

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - Sahadeva (the youngest of the Pandavas)

saha (with) + deva (god), born with a god.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (saha+deva)

• saha – with, together with
  indeclinable
• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of hataḥ.

मारिष (māriṣa) - O respected one, O noble one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of māriṣa

māriṣa - respected sir, noble one (term of address)

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, slain

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From √han (to strike, kill)

Root: √han (class 2)

Note: Predicate for śalyaputraḥ.

रुक्मरथः (rukmarathaḥ) - Rukmaratha (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rukmaratha

rukmaratha - having a golden chariot (proper name)

rukma (gold, ornament) + ratha (chariot)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (rukma+ratha)

• rukma – gold, golden, brilliant
  noun (neuter)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  From √rath (to go swiftly)
  Root: √rath (class 1)

Note: An epithet or another name for Shalya's son.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Root: √rāj (class 1)

भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

मातुलजः (mātulajaḥ) - maternal uncle's son, cousin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mātulaja

mātulaja - born from a maternal uncle, maternal cousin

mātula (maternal uncle) + ja (born from)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mātula+ja)

• mātula – maternal uncle
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  suffix (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  From √jan (to be born)
  Root: √jan (class 4)

Note: Further qualifies śalyaputraḥ.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

From √yudh (to fight)

Root: √yudh (class 4)