महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-112, verse-86

अशस्त्रं पुरुषं हत्वा सशस्त्रः पुरुषाधमः ।
अर्थार्थी यदि वा वैरी स मृतो जायते खरः ॥८६॥

86. aśastraṁ puruṣaṁ hatvā saśastraḥ puruṣādhamaḥ ,
arthārthī yadi vā vairī sa mṛto jāyate kharaḥ.

86. aśastram puruṣam hatvā saśastraḥ puruṣādhamaḥ |
arthārthī yadi vā vairī saḥ mṛtaḥ jāyate kharaḥ

86. yadi arthārthī vā vairī saśastraḥ puruṣādhamaḥ
aśastram puruṣam hatvā saḥ mṛtaḥ kharaḥ jāyate

86. One who, being armed and the lowest among men, kills an unarmed person, whether motivated by gain or as an enemy, is born as a donkey after death.

Words meanings summery:

• अशस्त्रम् (aśastram) - unarmed (unarmed, without weapons)

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - a person (man, person, male)

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed (having killed, having struck)

• सशस्त्रः (saśastraḥ) - being armed (armed, with weapons)

• पुरुषाधमः (puruṣādhamaḥ) - the lowest among men (the lowest of men, a wretch among men)

• अर्थार्थी (arthārthī) - motivated by gain (desirous of wealth/gain, seeker of purpose)

• यदि (yadi) - whether (if, in case)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• वैरी (vairī) - as an enemy (enemy, hostile)

• सः (saḥ) - that one (he, that one)

• मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - after death (dead, deceased)

• जायते (jāyate) - is born (is born, originates)

• खरः (kharaḥ) - a donkey (donkey, ass)

Words meanings and morphology

अशस्त्रम् (aśastram) - unarmed (unarmed, without weapons)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aśastra

aśastra - unarmed, without weapons

Negative compound with 'a' (śastra = weapon).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śastra)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• śastra – weapon, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śas (class 2)

Note: Agrees with puruṣam.

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - a person (man, person, male)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, human being

Root: pṛ (class 3)

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed (having killed, having struck)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root han with suffix -tvā, forming a gerund/absolutive.

Root: han (class 2)

सशस्त्रः (saśastraḥ) - being armed (armed, with weapons)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saśastra

saśastra - armed, with weapons

Compound with 'sa' (with) and śastra (weapon).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+śastra)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'with'.
• śastra – weapon, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śas (class 2)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (the killer).

पुरुषाधमः (puruṣādhamaḥ) - the lowest among men (the lowest of men, a wretch among men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣādhama

puruṣādhama - the lowest of men, a wretch among men

Compound of puruṣa and adhama.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+adhama)

• puruṣa – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pṛ (class 3)
• adhama – lowest, meanest, worst
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Forms a predicate with saśastraḥ for the implied subject.

अर्थार्थी (arthārthī) - motivated by gain (desirous of wealth/gain, seeker of purpose)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthārthin

arthārthin - desirous of wealth/gain, seeker of purpose

Compound of artha and arthin.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+arthin)

• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, gain
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)
• arthin – desirous of, supplicant, seeking
  adjective (masculine)
  From root arth + -in suffix.
  Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Refers to the implied subject (the killer).

यदि (yadi) - whether (if, in case)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Often paired with vā to mean 'whether... or'.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

वैरी (vairī) - as an enemy (enemy, hostile)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vairin

vairin - enemy, hostile, antagonistic

Derived from vaira (enmity).

Note: Refers to the implied subject (the killer).

सः (saḥ) - that one (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the killer.

मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - after death (dead, deceased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root mṛ.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Acts as a predicate or adverbial modifier for the subject 'saḥ'.

जायते (jāyate) - is born (is born, originates)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Derived from root jan (4th class), middle voice.

Root: jan (class 4)

खरः (kharaḥ) - a donkey (donkey, ass)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khara

khara - donkey, ass, sharp, harsh

Note: Acts as the predicate of jāyate.