महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-112, verse-50

यदि पुत्रसमं शिष्यं गुरुर्हन्यादकारणे ।
आत्मनः कामकारेण सोऽपि हंसः प्रजायते ॥५०॥

50. yadi putrasamaṁ śiṣyaṁ gururhanyādakāraṇe ,
ātmanaḥ kāmakāreṇa so'pi haṁsaḥ prajāyate.

50. yadi putrasamam śiṣyam guruḥ hanyāt akāraṇe
ātmanaḥ kāmakāreṇa saḥ api haṃsaḥ prajāyate

50. yadi guruḥ ātmanaḥ kāmakāreṇa akāraṇe putrasamam
śiṣyam hanyāt saḥ api haṃsaḥ prajāyate

50. If a preceptor (guru) should kill a student who is like a son, without cause, simply out of his own will, he too is born as a swan.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• पुत्रसमम् (putrasamam) - equal to a son, like a son

• शिष्यम् (śiṣyam) - student, disciple

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - preceptor, teacher

• हन्यात् (hanyāt) - should kill, might kill

• अकारणे (akāraṇe) - without cause, without reason

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, by oneself, his own

• कामकारेण (kāmakāreṇa) - by one's own will, arbitrarily, wilfully

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• अपि (api) - even, also

• हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - swan, goose

• प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born, originates

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

पुत्रसमम् (putrasamam) - equal to a son, like a son

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putrasama

putrasama - equal to a son, like a son

Compound type : upamāna-pūrvapada karmadhāraya (putra+sama)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• sama – equal, similar, like
  adjective

शिष्यम् (śiṣyam) - student, disciple

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śiṣya

śiṣya - student, disciple (literally 'to be taught')

Gerundive

Derived from root śāṣ (to teach) + suffix -ya.

Root: śāṣ (class 2)

गुरुः (guruḥ) - preceptor, teacher

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, heavy, important

हन्यात् (hanyāt) - should kill, might kill

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of han

Root: han (class 2)

अकारणे (akāraṇe) - without cause, without reason

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of akāraṇa

akāraṇa - without cause, causeless, unmotivated

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kāraṇa)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, motive
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, by oneself, his own

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, essence, spirit, mind

कामकारेण (kāmakāreṇa) - by one's own will, arbitrarily, wilfully

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāmakāra

kāmakāra - acting according to one's own will, arbitrary action, wilfulness

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (kāma+kāra)

• kāma – desire, wish, will
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• kāra – doing, making, action
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - he, she, it, that

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - swan, goose

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of haṃsa

haṁsa - swan, goose, a mythical bird, soul, a specific type of ascetic

प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born, originates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of prajā

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)