महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-112, verse-31

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
त्वगस्थिमांसमुत्सृज्य तैश्च भूतैर्विवर्जितः ।
जीवः स भगवन्क्वस्थः सुखदुःखे समश्नुते ॥३१॥

31. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
tvagasthimāṁsamutsṛjya taiśca bhūtairvivarjitaḥ ,
jīvaḥ sa bhagavankvasthaḥ sukhaduḥkhe samaśnute.

31. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca tvak asthi
māṃsam utsṛjya taiḥ ca bhūtaiḥ
vivarjitaḥ jīvaḥ saḥ bhagavan
kvasthaḥ sukhaduḥkhe samaśnute

31. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bhagavan
jīvaḥ tvak asthi māṃsam utsṛjya
taiḥ ca bhūtaiḥ vivarjitaḥ saḥ
kvasthaḥ sukhaduḥkhe samaśnute

31. Yudhiṣṭhira said: "O Lord, when the individual soul (jīva) casts off skin, bone, and flesh, and is bereft of those very elements, where does it reside to experience happiness and sorrow?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• त्वक् (tvak) - skin, hide

• अस्थि (asthi) - bone

• मांसम् (māṁsam) - flesh, meat

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having cast off

• तैः (taiḥ) - by these very things (skin, bone, flesh) (by them)

• च (ca) - and

• भूतैः (bhūtaiḥ) - by these material elements (skin, bone, flesh) (by elements, by beings)

• विवर्जितः (vivarjitaḥ) - devoid of, separated from, abandoned

• जीवः (jīvaḥ) - individual soul, living being, life principle

• सः (saḥ) - that (jīva) (he, that)

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord, O venerable one

• क्वस्थः (kvasthaḥ) - where situated? where residing?

• सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - pleasure and pain, happiness and sorrow

• समश्नुते (samaśnute) - experiences, enjoys, attains

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle

Compound type : aluk-samāsa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Perfect 3rd singular active of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

त्वक् (tvak) - skin, hide

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tvac

tvac - skin, hide, bark

Note: Word 'tvak' is a sandhi form of 'tvac' in nominative/accusative singular before voiceless consonant. Here functioning as part of a list of objects.

अस्थि (asthi) - bone

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asthi

asthi - bone

मांसम् (māṁsam) - flesh, meat

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of māṃsa

māṁsa - flesh, meat

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having cast off

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive (gerund) of √sṛj with prefix ut-

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: The -ya ending is for absolutives preceded by a verbal prefix.

तैः (taiḥ) - by these very things (skin, bone, flesh) (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Instrumental plural of 'tad', masculine form but refers to the elements (bhūtaiḥ) and implicitly the skin, bone, flesh.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भूतैः (bhūtaiḥ) - by these material elements (skin, bone, flesh) (by elements, by beings)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhūta

bhūta - element, being, creature, past

past passive participle

Past passive participle of √bhū, meaning 'been, become', but often used as a noun for 'being' or 'element'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to the physical constituents (skin, bone, flesh) previously mentioned.

विवर्जितः (vivarjitaḥ) - devoid of, separated from, abandoned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivarjita

vivarjita - abandoned, devoid of, excluded

past passive participle

Past passive participle of √vṛj with prefix vi-, used as an adjective.

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jīvaḥ'.

जीवः (jīvaḥ) - individual soul, living being, life principle

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīva

jīva - individual soul, living being, life principle

Root: jīv (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - that (jīva) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Nominative singular masculine of 'tad', refers back to 'jīvaḥ'.

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord, O venerable one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - blessed, glorious, divine, venerable; Lord

Possessive adjective from 'bhaga' (fortune, prosperity).

Note: Vocative singular of 'bhagavat'.

क्वस्थः (kvasthaḥ) - where situated? where residing?

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kvastha

kvastha - where situated, where located

Compound of 'kva' (where) and 'stha' (standing, situated).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi or tatpuruṣa (kva+stha)

• kva – where?
  indeclinable
• stha – standing, situated, located
  adjective (masculine)
  nominalized verbal root/suffix
  From √sthā (to stand) + -a suffix.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jīvaḥ' (implied).

सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - pleasure and pain, happiness and sorrow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of sukhaduḥkha

sukhaduḥkha - happiness and sorrow, pleasure and pain

Dvanda compound of 'sukha' and 'duḥkha'.

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – happiness, pleasure, ease
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)

Note: Dual form implies both happiness and sorrow.

समश्नुते (samaśnute) - experiences, enjoys, attains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of aś

present middle

Present 3rd singular middle of √aś with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: aś (class 5)