महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-112, verse-105

मत्स्ययोनिमनुप्राप्य मृतो जायति मानुषः ।
मानुषत्वमनुप्राप्य क्षीणायुरुपपद्यते ॥१०५॥

105. matsyayonimanuprāpya mṛto jāyati mānuṣaḥ ,
mānuṣatvamanuprāpya kṣīṇāyurupapadyate.

105. matsyayonim anuprāpya mṛtaḥ jāyati mānuṣaḥ
mānuṣatvam anuprāpya kṣīṇāyuḥ upapadyate

105. mṛtaḥ matsyayonim anuprāpya mānuṣaḥ jāyati
mānuṣatvam anuprāpya kṣīṇāyuḥ upapadyate

105. Having been born in a fish species and then dying, one is born as a human being. After attaining human existence, such a person is reborn with a diminished lifespan.

Words meanings summery:

• मत्स्ययोनिम् (matsyayonim) - the state of being a fish, as the object of attainment (fish species, fish-womb (accusative))

• अनुप्राप्य (anuprāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having attained

• मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - one who has died (in the previous birth as a fish) (dead, deceased)

• जायति (jāyati) - is born, originates

• मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - a human being, man

• मानुषत्वम् (mānuṣatvam) - the condition of having a human birth (the state of being human, humanity)

• क्षीणायुः (kṣīṇāyuḥ) - one who is born with a brief or reduced lifespan due to past actions (whose life is diminished, having a short life)

• उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is born into a new existence (is born, comes into being, happens, occurs)

Words meanings and morphology

मत्स्ययोनिम् (matsyayonim) - the state of being a fish, as the object of attainment (fish species, fish-womb (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of matsyayoni

matsyayoni - fish-species, the birth or origin of a fish

Tatpurusha compound: 'yoni (species) of matsya (fish)'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (matsya+yoni)

• matsya – fish
  noun (masculine)
• yoni – womb, origin, source, species, class
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yu (class 2)

Note: Object of 'anuprāpya'.

अनुप्राप्य (anuprāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having attained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From 'anu' + 'pra' + root 'āp' (to obtain). Suffixed with '-ya' (as it's a prefixed root).

Prefixes: anu+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - one who has died (in the previous birth as a fish) (dead, deceased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased, died

Past Passive Participle

From root mṛ 'to die'.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

जायति (jāyati) - is born, originates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jan

Present active

4th class verb. 'jāyati' is a less common form than 'jāyate' (middle voice) for 'is born', but found in some texts.

Root: jan (class 4)

मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - a human being, man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, relating to humans, a man, a human being

Derived from 'manu'.

Note: Subject of 'jāyati'.

मानुषत्वम् (mānuṣatvam) - the condition of having a human birth (the state of being human, humanity)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mānuṣatva

mānuṣatva - humanity, the state of being a man or human

Formed from 'mānuṣa' (human) + '-tvam' (suffix for abstract noun).

Note: Object of 'anuprāpya'.

क्षीणायुः (kṣīṇāyuḥ) - one who is born with a brief or reduced lifespan due to past actions (whose life is diminished, having a short life)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣīṇāyu

kṣīṇāyu - having a diminished or short life, whose life is exhausted

Bahuvrihi compound: 'one whose life (āyu) is diminished (kṣīṇa)'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣīṇa+āyu)

• kṣīṇa – diminished, wasted, exhausted, decayed
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṣi 'to waste away, diminish'.
  Root: kṣi (class 5)
• āyu – life, duration of life, vital power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject of 'upapadyate'.

उपपद्यते (upapadyate) - is born into a new existence (is born, comes into being, happens, occurs)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upapad

Present middle

From 'upa' + root 'pad' (to go, fall). 4th class verb, present tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada).

Prefix: upa

Root: pad (class 4)