महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-112, verse-4

भीष्म उवाच ।
असावायाति भगवान्बृहस्पतिरुदारधीः ।
पृच्छैनं सुमहाभागमेतद्गुह्यं सनातनम् ॥४॥

4. bhīṣma uvāca ,
asāvāyāti bhagavānbṛhaspatirudāradhīḥ ,
pṛcchainaṁ sumahābhāgametadguhyaṁ sanātanam.

4. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca | asau āyāti bhagavān bṛhaspatiḥ udāradhīḥ
| pṛccha enam sumahābhāgam etat guhyam sanātanam

4. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca asau bhagavān udāradhīḥ bṛhaspatiḥ
āyāti pṛccha enam sumahābhāgam etat sanātanam guhyam

4. Bhishma said, "Here comes the venerable (bhagavān) Brihaspati, who possesses a noble intellect. Ask this most revered and fortunate one about this eternal and profound secret."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• असौ (asau) - that one, this one (yonder)

• आयाति (āyāti) - comes, approaches

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - venerable, glorious, divine

• बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Brihaspati (the preceptor of the gods)

• उदारधीः (udāradhīḥ) - noble-minded, great intellect

• पृच्छ (pṛccha) - ask, inquire

• एनम् (enam) - him

• सुमहाभागम् (sumahābhāgam) - the most fortunate, highly revered

• एतत् (etat) - this

• गुह्यम् (guhyam) - secret, mystery

• सनातनम् (sanātanam) - eternal, perpetual

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a prominent character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

From the root vac (to speak), third person singular. Displays reduplication for the perfect tense.

Root: vac (class 2)

असौ (asau) - that one, this one (yonder)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, this, yonder, that one over there

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative singular. Forms of 'adas' are often irregular.

आयाति (āyāti) - comes, approaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āyā

Present Active Indicative

From prefix ā- and root yā (to go). Third person singular.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

भगवान् (bhagavān) - venerable, glorious, divine

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - possessing fortune, glorious, divine, venerable, blessed

Nominative singular masculine of the possessive adjective bhagavat. Often used as an honorific.

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Used here as an epithet for Brihaspati.

बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Brihaspati (the preceptor of the gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - lord of prayer, preceptor of the gods, Jupiter (planet)

उदारधीः (udāradhīḥ) - noble-minded, great intellect

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udāradhī

udāradhī - noble-minded, high-minded, sagacious, having a great intellect

Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'one whose intellect (dhī) is noble (udāra)'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udāra+dhī)

• udāra – noble, exalted, generous, magnanimous, great
  adjective (masculine)
• dhī – intellect, thought, understanding, mind, wisdom
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies Brihaspati.

पृच्छ (pṛccha) - ask, inquire

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of prach

Imperative Active

From the root prach (to ask), second person singular.

Root: prach (class 6)

एनम् (enam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, him, her, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Accusative singular masculine of the demonstrative pronoun ena. Often used as a pronominal substitute.

Note: Refers to Brihaspati.

सुमहाभागम् (sumahābhāgam) - the most fortunate, highly revered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sumahābhāga

sumahābhāga - highly fortunate, greatly blessed, most revered

Compound word combining 'su' (very), 'mahā' (great), and 'bhāga' (fortune/share).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahā+bhāga)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• mahā – great, large, mighty, powerful
  adjective (masculine)
• bhāga – share, portion, fortune, luck, lot, destiny
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'enam' (Brihaspati).

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one (demonstrative pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter nominative/accusative singular.

Note: Refers to the 'secret' (guhyam).

गुह्यम् (guhyam) - secret, mystery

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of guhya

guhya - secret, hidden, mysterious, to be concealed

Gerundive

Derived from the root guh (to hide), means 'that which should be hidden' or 'a secret'. Can also function as an adjective.

Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Also nominative singular neuter.

सनातनम् (sanātanam) - eternal, perpetual

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, perpetual, ancient, everlasting, primeval

Formed from sanā (always, eternally) + the suffix -tana.

Note: Also nominative singular neuter. Qualifies guhyam.