महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-112, verse-106

पापानि तु नरः कृत्वा तिर्यग्जायति भारत ।
न चात्मनः प्रमाणं ते धर्मं जानन्ति किंचन ॥१०६॥

106. pāpāni tu naraḥ kṛtvā tiryagjāyati bhārata ,
na cātmanaḥ pramāṇaṁ te dharmaṁ jānanti kiṁcana.

106. pāpāni tu naraḥ kṛtvā tiryak jāyati bhārata na
ca ātmanaḥ pramāṇam te dharmam jānanti kiṃcana

106. bhārata naraḥ pāpāni kṛtvā tu tiryak jāyati ca
te ātmanaḥ dharmam kiṃcana pramāṇam na jānanti

106. O Bhārata, a person, having committed sins, is born as a lower creature. And they (such beings) know nothing of their own intrinsic nature (dharma), nor any standard for it.

Words meanings summery:

• पापानि (pāpāni) - sins, evil deeds

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• नरः (naraḥ) - a man, person

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed, having committed

• तिर्यक् (tiryak) - born into a lower species of living beings (e.g., animals, birds) (crosswise, obliquely, as an animal, lower creature)

• जायति (jāyati) - is born, originates

• भारत (bhārata) - addressing a king or noble of the Bharata lineage, such as Yudhiṣṭhira or Arjuna (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - pertaining to their own being or essence (of the self, of oneself)

• प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - a criterion or guideline for their conduct or understanding (measure, standard, authority, proof)

• ते (te) - refers to the 'lower creatures' or animals into whom the sinful person is born (they)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - their innate proper behavior or essential characteristic (intrinsic nature, natural law, duty, righteousness)

• जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know, understand, perceive

• किंचन (kiṁcana) - not even a little bit, nothing at all (when used with 'na') (anything, whatsoever)

Words meanings and morphology

पापानि (pāpāni) - sins, evil deeds

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of pāpa

pāpa - evil, wicked, bad, sin, vice, evil deed

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

नरः (naraḥ) - a man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Root: nṛ

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed, having committed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed with suffix -tvā from the 8th class root.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates a preceding action by the subject.

तिर्यक् (tiryak) - born into a lower species of living beings (e.g., animals, birds) (crosswise, obliquely, as an animal, lower creature)

(indeclinable)

Can function as an adverb or adjective, often implying a non-human or inferior birth.

Root: tṛ

Note: Describes the manner or state of birth.

जायति (jāyati) - is born, originates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jan

Present active

4th class verb. 'jāyati' is a less common form than 'jāyate' (middle voice) for 'is born', but found in some texts.

Root: jan (class 4)

भारत (bhārata) - addressing a king or noble of the Bharata lineage, such as Yudhiṣṭhira or Arjuna (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian, related to India

Root: bhṛ

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - pertaining to their own being or essence (of the self, of oneself)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, mind

The root is an 'to breathe'.

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Indicates possession or relation to the 'self' of the reborn beings.

प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - a criterion or guideline for their conduct or understanding (measure, standard, authority, proof)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pramāṇa

pramāṇa - measure, scale, standard, proof, authority, means of knowledge

From 'pra' + root 'mā' (to measure).

Prefix: pra

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Object of 'jānanti'.

ते (te) - refers to the 'lower creatures' or animals into whom the sinful person is born (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'jānanti'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - their innate proper behavior or essential characteristic (intrinsic nature, natural law, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitutional principle, proper conduct

From root dhṛ 'to uphold, support'.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'jānanti'.

जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know, understand, perceive

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present active

9th class verb, present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice.

Root: jñā (class 9)

किंचन (kiṁcana) - not even a little bit, nothing at all (when used with 'na') (anything, whatsoever)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'kim' (what) + 'cana' (indefinite particle).

Note: Emphasizes the complete lack of knowledge.