महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-112, verse-36

अथान्तरा तु धर्मस्य अधर्ममुपसेवते ।
सुखस्यानन्तरं दुःखं स जीवोऽप्यधिगच्छति ॥३६॥

36. athāntarā tu dharmasya adharmamupasevate ,
sukhasyānantaraṁ duḥkhaṁ sa jīvo'pyadhigacchati.

36. atha antarā tu dharmasya adharmam upasevate sukhasya
anantaram duḥkham saḥ jīvaḥ api adhigacchati

36. atha tu dharmasya antarā adharmam upasevate saḥ
jīvaḥ api sukhasya anantaram duḥkham adhigacchati

36. But if one, instead of (dharma) natural law, indulges in unrighteousness (adharma), then that (jīva) living being also experiences suffering immediately after happiness.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, on the other hand (now, then, moreover, consequently)

• अन्तरा (antarā) - instead of (with genitive) (between, in the middle of, during, instead of)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand (but, on the other hand, and, indeed)

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of (dharma) natural law (of natural law, of duty, of righteousness)

• अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteousness (adharma) (unrighteousness, non-dharma, impiety)

• उपसेवते (upasevate) - indulges in, practices (serves, attends, resorts to, indulges in)

• सुखस्य (sukhasya) - of happiness (of happiness, of joy)

• अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - immediately after (immediately after, next, without interval)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, misery, pain, sorrow)

• सः (saḥ) - that (he, that)

• जीवः (jīvaḥ) - (jīva) living being (living being, individual soul, life principle)

• अपि (api) - also, even (also, even, too)

• अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - experiences, attains (attains, obtains, experiences, understands)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, on the other hand (now, then, moreover, consequently)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a new topic or a contrasting idea.

अन्तरा (antarā) - instead of (with genitive) (between, in the middle of, during, instead of)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as a preposition with the genitive 'dharmasya'.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand (but, on the other hand, and, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or adversative particle.

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of (dharma) natural law (of natural law, of duty, of righteousness)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of the preposition 'antarā'.

अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteousness (adharma) (unrighteousness, non-dharma, impiety)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, non-dharma, impiety, injustice

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
• dharma – natural law, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'upasevate'.

उपसेवते (upasevate) - indulges in, practices (serves, attends, resorts to, indulges in)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sev

present indicative, ātmanepada

root 'sev' (1st class, ātmanepada)

Prefix: upa

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: With 'upa', meaning is intensified or shifted to 'indulge'.

सुखस्य (sukhasya) - of happiness (of happiness, of joy)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, pleasure, comfort, ease

Note: Used with 'anantaram'.

अनन्तरम् (anantaram) - immediately after (immediately after, next, without interval)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : bahuvrihi/tatpurusha (a+antara)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
• antara – interval, space between, inside
  noun (neuter)

Note: Functions as an adverb when in neuter accusative.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, misery, pain, sorrow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, misery, pain, sorrow, discomfort

Note: Direct object of 'adhigacchati'.

सः (saḥ) - that (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the individual described in the first part of the verse.

जीवः (jīvaḥ) - (jīva) living being (living being, individual soul, life principle)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīva

jīva - living being, individual soul (jīva), life, existing

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'adhigacchati'.

अपि (api) - also, even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes that this being also experiences the negative consequence.

अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - experiences, attains (attains, obtains, experiences, understands)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

present indicative, parasmaipada

root 'gam' (1st class, parasmaipada) with prefix 'adhi'

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)