महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-112, verse-38

कर्मणा येन येनेह यस्यां योनौ प्रजायते ।
जीवो मोहसमायुक्तस्तन्मे निगदतः शृणु ॥३८॥

38. karmaṇā yena yeneha yasyāṁ yonau prajāyate ,
jīvo mohasamāyuktastanme nigadataḥ śṛṇu.

38. karmaṇā yena yena iha yasyām yonau prajāyate
jīvaḥ mohasamāyuktaḥ tat me nigadataḥ śṛṇu

38. me nigadataḥ tat śṛṇu iha yena yena karmaṇā
mohasamāyuktaḥ jīvaḥ yasyām yonau prajāyate

38. By whatever specific (karma) action in this world, a (jīva) living being, overcome by delusion, is born into which specific species – listen to that from me as I explain it.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by (karma) action (by (karma) action, by deed, by ritual)

• येन (yena) - by whatever (specific) (by which, by whom, by whatever)

• येन (yena) - by whatever (specific) (by which, by whom, by whatever)

• इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world, in this case)

• यस्याम् (yasyām) - in which specific (in which)

• योनौ (yonau) - in which specific species (in the womb, in the source, in the species)

• प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born (is born, comes into being, originates)

• जीवः (jīvaḥ) - a (jīva) living being (living being, individual soul, life principle)

• मोहसमायुक्तः (mohasamāyuktaḥ) - overcome by delusion (endowed with delusion, associated with illusion)

• तत् (tat) - that (fact) (that, therefore)

• मे (me) - from me (to me, for me, by me, from me)

• निगदतः (nigadataḥ) - as I explain (literally: of me speaking/explaining) (of one speaking, of one explaining)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen, hear)

Words meanings and morphology

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by (karma) action (by (karma) action, by deed, by ritual)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates the means or cause of birth.

येन (yena) - by whatever (specific) (by which, by whom, by whatever)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whoever, whatever

Note: Relative pronoun referring to 'karmaṇā'.

येन (yena) - by whatever (specific) (by which, by whom, by whatever)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whoever, whatever

Note: Reduplication for emphasis ('whichever specific').

इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world, in this case)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

यस्याम् (yasyām) - in which specific (in which)

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whoever, whatever

Note: Relative pronoun referring to 'yonau'.

योनौ (yonau) - in which specific species (in the womb, in the source, in the species)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yoni

yoni - womb, source, origin, birth, species, family

Root: yu

Note: Indicates the place or type of birth.

प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born (is born, comes into being, originates)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

present indicative, ātmanepada

root 'jan' (4th class, ātmanepada) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

जीवः (jīvaḥ) - a (jīva) living being (living being, individual soul, life principle)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīva

jīva - living being, individual soul (jīva), life, existing

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'prajāyate'.

मोहसमायुक्तः (mohasamāyuktaḥ) - overcome by delusion (endowed with delusion, associated with illusion)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mohasamāyukta

mohasamāyukta - endowed with delusion, associated with illusion, deluded

past passive participle (compound)

compound of 'moha' and 'samāyukta'

Compound type : tatpurusha (moha+samāyukta)

• moha – delusion, infatuation, confusion, ignorance
  noun (masculine)
  Root: muh (class 4)
• samāyukta – endowed with, associated with
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from root 'yuj' with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā'
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'jīvaḥ'.

तत् (tat) - that (fact) (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Direct object of 'śṛṇu'.

मे (me) - from me (to me, for me, by me, from me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Indicates the source of the explanation.

निगदतः (nigadataḥ) - as I explain (literally: of me speaking/explaining) (of one speaking, of one explaining)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nigadat

nigadat - speaking, explaining, declaring

present active participle

formed from root 'gad' with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implicit 'me' (myself).

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

imperative, parasmaipada

root 'śru' (5th class, parasmaipada)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Direct command.