महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-112, verse-65

श्वा ततो जायते मूढः कर्मणा तेन पार्थिव ।
श्वा भूत्वा पञ्च वर्षाणि ततो जायति मानुषः ॥६५॥

65. śvā tato jāyate mūḍhaḥ karmaṇā tena pārthiva ,
śvā bhūtvā pañca varṣāṇi tato jāyati mānuṣaḥ.

65. śvā tataḥ jāyate mūḍhaḥ karmaṇā tena pārthiva
śvā bhūtvā pañca varṣāṇi tataḥ jāyati mānuṣaḥ

65. pārthiva tataḥ tena karmaṇā mūḍhaḥ śvā jāyate
śvā pañca varṣāṇi bhūtvā tataḥ mānuṣaḥ jāyati

65. Then, O king, by that (karma), he is born as a foolish dog. After being a dog for five years, he is then reborn as a human being.

Words meanings summery:

• श्वा (śvā) - a dog

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• जायते (jāyate) - is born, comes into being, arises

• मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - foolish, bewildered, ignorant, stupid

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by that bad action (karma) (by the action, by the deed, by (karma))

• तेन (tena) - by that (action) (by that, by him)

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king, O ruler of the earth

• श्वा (śvā) - a dog

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been, after being

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter, then, from that

• जायति (jāyati) - is born, becomes, arises

• मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - a human being, a man

Words meanings and morphology

श्वा (śvā) - a dog

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvan

śvan - dog

N-stem noun

Note: Predicate nominative for 'jāyate'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from 'tad' (that)

Note: Connects to the previous verse/state.

जायते (jāyate) - is born, comes into being, arises

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

present indicative middle voice

4th class verb, present tense, middle voice, 3rd person singular

Root: jan (class 4)

मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - foolish, bewildered, ignorant, stupid

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, bewildered, stupid, infatuated

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'muh' (to be bewildered, confused)

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (the creature) and 'śvā'.

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by that bad action (karma) (by the action, by the deed, by (karma))

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, (karma), ritual act

N-stem noun, from root 'kṛ' (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates the cause of rebirth.

तेन (tena) - by that (action) (by that, by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Agrees with 'karmaṇā'.

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king, O ruler of the earth

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - pertaining to the earth, earthly, king, ruler

Derived from 'pṛthivī' (earth)

Note: Addressed to a king.

श्वा (śvā) - a dog

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvan

śvan - dog

N-stem noun

Note: Subject of the participial clause.

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been, after being

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive from root 'bhū' (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Adjective to 'varṣāṇi'.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon

From root 'vṛṣ' (to rain)

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Denotes duration of time.

ततः (tataḥ) - thereafter, then, from that

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from 'tad' (that)

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

जायति (jāyati) - is born, becomes, arises

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jan

present indicative active voice

Archaic/epic form of present indicative active voice, 3rd person singular, from root 'jan' (4th class)

Root: jan (class 4)

मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - a human being, a man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, pertaining to man, human being

Derived from 'manu' (man, ancestor of mankind)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'jāyati'.