महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-112, verse-40

अधीत्य चतुरो वेदान्द्विजो मोहसमन्वितः ।
पतितात्प्रतिगृह्याथ खरयोनौ प्रजायते ॥४०॥

40. adhītya caturo vedāndvijo mohasamanvitaḥ ,
patitātpratigṛhyātha kharayonau prajāyate.

40. adhītya caturaḥ vedān dvijaḥ moha-samanvitaḥ
patitāt pratigṛhya atha khara-yonau prajāyate

40. Having studied the four Vedas, a twice-born (dvija) who is filled with delusion (moha), after accepting a gift from a fallen person, is then born in the species of a donkey.

Words meanings summery:

• अधीत्य (adhītya) - having studied (having studied, having read)

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

• वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas (Vedas)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born (dvija), referring to a Brahmin (twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth)

• मोह-समन्वितः (moha-samanvitaḥ) - filled with delusion (moha) (accompanied by delusion, bewildered, deluded)

• पतितात् (patitāt) - from a fallen person (from a fallen one, from an outcaste)

• प्रतिगृह्य (pratigṛhya) - having accepted (a gift) (having accepted, having received)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

• खर-योनौ (khara-yonau) - in the birth/species of a donkey (in the womb of a donkey, in a donkey's birth)

• प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born (is born, originates)

Words meanings and morphology

अधीत्य (adhītya) - having studied (having studied, having read)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'adhi-' (over, upon) and suffix '-tya' for absolutive.

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: An absolutive (gerund) indicating a completed action prior to the main verb.

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'vedān'.

वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas (Vedas)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - Veda, sacred knowledge, wisdom

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born (dvija), referring to a Brahmin (twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+jan)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• jan – to be born, to produce
  verb
  Root: jan (class 4)

मोह-समन्वितः (moha-samanvitaḥ) - filled with delusion (moha) (accompanied by delusion, bewildered, deluded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of moha-samanvita

moha-samanvita - accompanied by delusion, bewildered, deluded

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (moha+samanvita)

• moha – delusion, infatuation, bewilderment
  noun (masculine)
  Root: muh (class 4)
• samanvita – accompanied by, endowed with, possessed of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'anv' (to follow, to reach) with prefixes 'sam-' and 'anu-'.
  Prefixes: sam+anu
  Root: anv (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dvijaḥ'.

पतितात् (patitāt) - from a fallen person (from a fallen one, from an outcaste)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, degraded, an outcaste

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pat' (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

प्रतिगृह्य (pratigṛhya) - having accepted (a gift) (having accepted, having received)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root 'grah' (to seize, to take) with prefix 'prati-' (back, in return).

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: An absolutive (gerund) indicating a completed action prior to the main verb.

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

खर-योनौ (khara-yonau) - in the birth/species of a donkey (in the womb of a donkey, in a donkey's birth)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of khara-yoni

khara-yoni - donkey-womb, birth as a donkey

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (khara+yoni)

• khara – donkey, ass, harsh
  noun (masculine)
• yoni – womb, source, origin, species
  noun (feminine)

प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born (is born, originates)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pra-jan

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Often passive in meaning 'is born' even if active form.