महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-112, verse-77

ज्येष्ठं पितृसमं चापि भ्रातरं योऽवमन्यते ।
सोऽपि मृत्युमुपागम्य क्रौञ्चयोनौ प्रजायते ॥७७॥

77. jyeṣṭhaṁ pitṛsamaṁ cāpi bhrātaraṁ yo'vamanyate ,
so'pi mṛtyumupāgamya krauñcayonau prajāyate.

77. jyeṣṭham pitṛsamam ca api bhrātaram yaḥ avamanyate
saḥ api mṛtyum upāgamya krauñcayonau prajāyate

77. yaḥ jyeṣṭham pitṛsamam ca api bhrātaram avamanyate,
saḥ api mṛtyum upāgamya krauñcayonau prajāyate

77. Whoever despises an elder brother, even one who is like a father, he too, after approaching death, is born into the species of a crane.

Words meanings summery:

• ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - eldest (brother) (eldest, chief, best)

• पितृसमम् (pitṛsamam) - equal to a father (equal to a father, like a father)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even)

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

• यः (yaḥ) - Whoever (who, whoever)

• अवमन्यते (avamanyate) - despises, disrespects (despises, disregards, disrespects)

• सः (saḥ) - he (that person) (he, that)

• अपि (api) - too (also, even)

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

• उपागम्य (upāgamya) - after approaching (death) (having approached, having attained)

• क्रौञ्चयोनौ (krauñcayonau) - in the species of a crane (in the womb/species of a crane)

• प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born (into) (is born, springs forth)

Words meanings and morphology

ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - eldest (brother) (eldest, chief, best)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, chief, best, most excellent

Superlative of vṛddha (old) or praśasya (excellent).

पितृसमम् (pitṛsamam) - equal to a father (equal to a father, like a father)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛsama

pitṛsama - equal to a father, like a father

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+sama)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor
  noun (masculine)
• sama – equal, similar, same
  adjective (masculine)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects adjectives.

अपि (api) - even (also, even)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the comparison to a father.

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Object of avamanyate.

यः (yaḥ) - Whoever (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

relative pronoun, masculine singular nominative.

अवमन्यते (avamanyate) - despises, disrespects (despises, disregards, disrespects)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of avaman

present indicative, 3rd person singular, middle voice

From root man (to think) + prefix ava-. 4th class.

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

सः (saḥ) - he (that person) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular nominative.

Note: Subject of prajāyate.

अपि (api) - too (also, even)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes saḥ.

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, the god of death

From root mṛ (to die) + suffix -tyu.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

उपागम्य (upāgamya) - after approaching (death) (having approached, having attained)

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

root gam (to go) + prefix upa- + prefix ā- + suffix -ya.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Precedes the main verb prajāyate.

क्रौञ्चयोनौ (krauñcayonau) - in the species of a crane (in the womb/species of a crane)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of krauñcayoni

krauñcayoni - womb/species of a crane

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (krauñca+yoni)

• krauñca – crane, curlew
  noun (masculine)
• yoni – womb, source, origin, species
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yu

Note: Indicates the state or place of rebirth.

प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is born (into) (is born, springs forth)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prajan

present indicative, 3rd person singular, middle voice

From root jan (to be born) + prefix pra-. 4th class.

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)