महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-112, verse-37

अधर्मेण समायुक्तो यमस्य विषयं गतः ।
महद्दुःखं समासाद्य तिर्यग्योनौ प्रजायते ॥३७॥

37. adharmeṇa samāyukto yamasya viṣayaṁ gataḥ ,
mahadduḥkhaṁ samāsādya tiryagyonau prajāyate.

37. adharmeṇa samāyuktaḥ yamasya viṣayam gataḥ
mahat duḥkham samāsādya tiryagyonau prajāyate

37. adharmeṇa samāyuktaḥ yamasya viṣayam gataḥ
mahat duḥkham samāsādya tiryagyonau prajāyate

37. A person associated with unrighteousness (adharma), having gone to the domain of Yama, and having experienced great suffering, is reborn in a lower form of existence.

Words meanings summery:

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness (adharma) (by unrighteousness, by non-dharma)

• समायुक्तः (samāyuktaḥ) - associated with (endowed with, associated with, joined with, united)

• यमस्य (yamasya) - of Yama (of Yama (god of death and justice))

• विषयम् (viṣayam) - domain, realm (domain, sphere, object, realm)

• गतः (gataḥ) - having gone to, reached (gone, reached, attained)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, extensive)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, misery, pain, sorrow)

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having experienced, having obtained (having obtained, having reached, having approached)

• तिर्यग्योनौ (tiryagyonau) - in a lower form of existence (in an animal womb, in a lower form of existence)

• प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is reborn (is born, comes into being, originates)

Words meanings and morphology

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by unrighteousness (adharma) (by unrighteousness, by non-dharma)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, non-dharma, impiety, injustice

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
• dharma – natural law, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means or cause of being associated.

समायुक्तः (samāyuktaḥ) - associated with (endowed with, associated with, joined with, united)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāyukta

samāyukta - endowed with, associated with, joined with, united, possessed of

past passive participle

formed from root 'yuj' with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā'

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies an implicit subject (person/being).

यमस्य (yamasya) - of Yama (of Yama (god of death and justice))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yama

yama - Yama (god of death), controller, restraint

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Possessive case, indicating belonging to Yama.

विषयम् (viṣayam) - domain, realm (domain, sphere, object, realm)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣaya

viṣaya - domain, sphere, object of sense, realm, scope

Note: Direct object of 'gataḥ' (gone to).

गतः (gataḥ) - having gone to, reached (gone, reached, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, passed, understood

past passive participle

formed from root 'gam' with suffix -ta

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject, acting adverbially.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, extensive)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, important, eminent

Note: Qualifies 'duḥkham'.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, misery, pain, sorrow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, misery, pain, sorrow, discomfort

Note: Direct object of 'samāsādya'.

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having experienced, having obtained (having obtained, having reached, having approached)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund) with prefix

formed from root 'sad' with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā' and suffix -ya

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Indeclinable participle, expressing an action prior to 'prajāyate'.

तिर्यग्योनौ (tiryagyonau) - in a lower form of existence (in an animal womb, in a lower form of existence)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tiryagyoni

tiryagyoni - animal womb, lower birth, birth as an animal or bird

Compound type : tatpurusha (tiryac+yoni)

• tiryac – going horizontally, animal, bird
  adjective
  Root: tiraś
• yoni – womb, source, origin, birth, species
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yu

Note: Indicates the place or state of birth.

प्रजायते (prajāyate) - is reborn (is born, comes into being, originates)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

present indicative, ātmanepada

root 'jan' (4th class, ātmanepada) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Often used for rebirth in the context of karma and saṃsāra.