महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-102, verse-83

तवार्जुनो नानुमते ब्रह्मबन्धो रणाजिरम् ।
प्रविष्टः स हि दुर्धर्षः शक्रस्यापि विशेद्बलम् ॥८३॥

83. tavārjuno nānumate brahmabandho raṇājiram ,
praviṣṭaḥ sa hi durdharṣaḥ śakrasyāpi viśedbalam.

83. tava arjunaḥ na anumate brahmabandho raṇājiram
praviṣṭaḥ saḥ hi durdharṣaḥ śakrasya api viśet balam

83. brahmabandho tava arjunaḥ anumate na raṇājiram
praviṣṭaḥ hi saḥ durdharṣaḥ śakrasya balam api viśet

83. O kinsman of Brahmins! Arjuna did not enter the battlefield with your permission. Indeed, that formidable one would enter even the army of Indra.

Words meanings summery:

• तव (tava) - your (referring to Droṇa) (your, of you)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• न (na) - not, no

• अनुमते (anumate) - with permission, by consent, with approval

• ब्रह्मबन्धो (brahmabandho) - O Brahmin-by-name-only (addressing Droṇa insultingly) (O kinsman of Brahmins (derogatory term for a Brahmin by birth but not by conduct))

• रणाजिरम् (raṇājiram) - battlefield, field of combat

• प्रविष्टः (praviṣṭaḥ) - entered, gone into

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - irresistible, unassailable, formidable

• शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - of Indra

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• विशेत् (viśet) - may enter, would enter

• बलम् (balam) - army, strength, force

Words meanings and morphology

तव (tava) - your (referring to Droṇa) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvam

tvam - you

Note: Refers to Droṇa.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava), white, silver

Root: rj

Note: Subject of the sentence, referring to Arjuna.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अनुमते (anumate) - with permission, by consent, with approval

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of anumati

anumati - permission, consent, approval

From 'anu' (after) + 'mati' (thought, intention).

Prefix: anu

Root: man (class 4)

ब्रह्मबन्धो (brahmabandho) - O Brahmin-by-name-only (addressing Droṇa insultingly) (O kinsman of Brahmins (derogatory term for a Brahmin by birth but not by conduct))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahmabandhu

brahmabandhu - a kinsman of Brahmins, a nominal Brahmin, a Brahmin by birth only (implying lack of Brahminical qualities)

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahma+bandhu)

• brahma – Brahmin, Vedic knowledge, sacred
  noun (neuter)
• bandhu – relative, kinsman, friend
  noun (masculine)

रणाजिरम् (raṇājiram) - battlefield, field of combat

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of raṇājira

raṇājira - battlefield, arena of war

Compound type : tatpurusha (raṇa+ajira)

• raṇa – battle, combat, war
  noun (masculine)
  Root: raṇ (class 1)
• ajira – courtyard, open space, field, swift
  noun (neuter)
  Root: aj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'praviṣṭaḥ'.

प्रविष्टः (praviṣṭaḥ) - entered, gone into

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, gone into, approached

Past Passive Participle

Formed from pra-√viś (to enter), with the past participle suffix -ta. Masculine nominative singular.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

दुर्धर्षः (durdharṣaḥ) - irresistible, unassailable, formidable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - difficult to overcome, irresistible, formidable, unassailable

Formed from 'dur-' (difficult) + √dhṛṣ (to dare, attack).

Compound type : pradi (dur+dharṣa)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• dharṣa – daring, assault, insult
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛṣ (to dare, attack).
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (Arjuna).

शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - of Indra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra (king of the gods), mighty, powerful

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Possessive of 'balam'.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

विशेत् (viśet) - may enter, would enter

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of viś

Optative Mood

From √viś (to enter). Third person singular active optative.

Root: viś (class 6)

बलम् (balam) - army, strength, force

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

Root: bal (class 1)