महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-102, verse-101

ततो वै रथघोषेण गर्जितेन मृगा इव ।
वध्यमानाश्च समरे पुत्रास्तव विशां पते ।
प्राद्रवन्सरथाः सर्वे भीमसेनभयार्दिताः ॥१०१॥

101. tato vai rathaghoṣeṇa garjitena mṛgā iva ,
vadhyamānāśca samare putrāstava viśāṁ pate ,
prādravansarathāḥ sarve bhīmasenabhayārditāḥ.

101. tataḥ vai rathaghoṣeṇa garjitena
mṛgāḥ iva | vadhyamānāḥ ca samare
putrāḥ tava viśām pate | prādravan
sarathāḥ sarve bhīmasenabhayārditāḥ

101. viśām pate,
tataḥ vai rathaghoṣeṇa garjitena,
samare vadhyamānāḥ tava putrāḥ sarve sarathāḥ mṛgāḥ iva bhīmasenabhayārditāḥ ca prādravan

101. O lord of the people, then, tormented by fear of Bhimasena, all your sons, being struck down in battle by the roaring sound of chariots, fled with their chariots like deer.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• रथघोषेण (rathaghoṣeṇa) - by the sound of chariots

• गर्जितेन (garjitena) - by the roaring, by the thundering

• मृगाः (mṛgāḥ) - deer, wild animals

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being killed, being struck, being tormented

• च (ca) - and, also

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in conflict

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons, children

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

• प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - they fled, they ran away

• सरथाः (sarathāḥ) - with chariots, accompanied by chariots

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, entire

• भीमसेनभयार्दिताः (bhīmasenabhayārditāḥ) - tormented by fear of Bhimasena

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

From pronominal base 'tad' (that) with suffix '-tas'

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

रथघोषेण (rathaghoṣeṇa) - by the sound of chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rathaghoṣa

rathaghoṣa - sound of chariots

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+ghoṣa)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• ghoṣa – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

गर्जितेन (garjitena) - by the roaring, by the thundering

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of garjita

garjita - roared, thundered; a roar, a thunder

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'garj' (to roar) with suffix '-ta'

Root: garj (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rathaghoṣeṇa'.

मृगाः (mṛgāḥ) - deer, wild animals

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mṛga

mṛga - deer, wild animal, gazelle

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being killed, being struck, being tormented

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being struck down, being tormented

Present Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'vadh' (to strike, kill) in the passive voice with suffix '-māna'

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'putrāḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons, children

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Possessive form.

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, settlement, house

Note: Part of the vocative compound 'viśām pate'.

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband

Note: Part of the vocative compound 'viśām pate'.

प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - they fled, they ran away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dray

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Root 'dru' with prefix 'pra'.

सरथाः (sarathāḥ) - with chariots, accompanied by chariots

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saratha

saratha - with a chariot, accompanied by chariots

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+ratha)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'putrāḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, entire

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

Note: Qualifies 'putrāḥ'.

भीमसेनभयार्दिताः (bhīmasenabhayārditāḥ) - tormented by fear of Bhimasena

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīmasenabhayārdita

bhīmasenabhayārdita - tormented by fear of Bhimasena

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhīmasena+bhaya+ārdita)

• bhīmasena – Bhimasena (proper noun)
  proper noun (masculine)
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• ārdita – tormented, afflicted, oppressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ṛd' (to torment, distress) with prefix 'ā-' and suffix '-ta'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛd (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'putrāḥ'.