महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-102, verse-103

वध्यमाना महाराज भीमसेनेन तावकाः ।
त्यक्त्वा भीमं रणे यान्ति चोदयन्तो हयोत्तमान् ॥१०३॥

103. vadhyamānā mahārāja bhīmasenena tāvakāḥ ,
tyaktvā bhīmaṁ raṇe yānti codayanto hayottamān.

103. vadhyamānāḥ mahārāja bhīmasenena tāvakāḥ |
tyaktvā bhīmam raṇe yānti codayantaḥ hayottamān

103. mahārāja,
bhīmasenena vadhyamānāḥ tāvakāḥ bhīmam tyaktvā hayottamān codayantaḥ raṇe yānti

103. O great king, your warriors, being struck down by Bhimasena, abandoned Bhimasena in battle and fled, urging on their excellent horses.

Words meanings summery:

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being killed, being struck, being tormented

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - by Bhimasena

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - the Kauravas (your people, your relatives)

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhimasena (Bhima, the terrible one)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they flee

• चोदयन्तः (codayantaḥ) - urging, impelling, driving

• हयोत्तमान् (hayottamān) - excellent horses, best horses

Words meanings and morphology

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being killed, being struck, being tormented

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being struck down, being tormented

Present Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'vadh' (to strike, kill) in the passive voice with suffix '-māna'

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tāvakāḥ'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Dhritarashtra.

भीमसेनेन (bhīmasenena) - by Bhimasena

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhimasena (proper noun, name of a Pandava hero)

Note: Agent in passive construction with 'vadhyamānāḥ'.

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - the Kauravas (your people, your relatives)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you; your people, your kin

Derived from 'tava' (your)

Note: Subject of 'yānti'.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'tyaj' (to abandon) with suffix '-tvā'

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Absolutive form.

भीमम् (bhīmam) - Bhimasena (Bhima, the terrible one)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, dreadful; Bhima (name)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

Note: Refers to the location of the action.

यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they flee

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

चोदयन्तः (codayantaḥ) - urging, impelling, driving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of codayat

codayat - urging, impelling, driving

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Derived from root 'cud' (to urge, impel) in the causative sense with suffix '-at'

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'tāvakāḥ', indicating simultaneous action.

हयोत्तमान् (hayottamān) - excellent horses, best horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hayottama

hayottama - excellent horse, best horse

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haya+uttama)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Object of 'codayantaḥ'.