महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-102, verse-49

सोऽद्य यत्तो रणे पार्थं परिरक्ष युधिष्ठिरम् ।
एतद्धि सर्वकार्याणां परमं कृत्यमाहवे ॥४९॥

49. so'dya yatto raṇe pārthaṁ parirakṣa yudhiṣṭhiram ,
etaddhi sarvakāryāṇāṁ paramaṁ kṛtyamāhave.

49. saḥ adya yattaḥ raṇe Pārtham parirakṣa Yudhiṣṭhiram
etat hi sarvakāryāṇām paramam kṛtyam āhave

49. saḥ adya yattaḥ raṇe Pārtham Yudhiṣṭhiram parirakṣa
etat hi sarvakāryāṇām āhave paramam kṛtyam

49. You, diligent in battle today, protect Arjuna (Pārtha) and Yudhishthira. This indeed is the supreme duty (kṛtya) among all tasks in warfare.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - you (implied subject being addressed) (he, that)

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

• यत्तः (yattaḥ) - diligent (engaged, striving, diligent, prepared)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in combat, in war)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā, Arjuna)

• परिरक्ष (parirakṣa) - protect! (protect! guard!)

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira (Yudhisthira (proper name), firm in battle)

• एतत् (etat) - this (protecting Pārtha and Yudhiṣṭhira) (this)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• सर्वकार्याणाम् (sarvakāryāṇām) - of all tasks (of all actions, of all duties, of all tasks)

• परमम् (paramam) - supreme (supreme, highest, foremost)

• कृत्यम् (kṛtyam) - duty (kṛtya) (duty, action, task, that which is to be done)

• आहवे (āhave) - in warfare (in battle, in war)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - you (implied subject being addressed) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the implied person being addressed.

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

यत्तः (yattaḥ) - diligent (engaged, striving, diligent, prepared)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yatta

yatta - engaged, striving, diligent, prepared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √yat (to strive, endeavor) with suffix -ta.

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject of 'parirakṣa'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in combat, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Pārtha

Pārtha - son of Pṛthā, Arjuna

परिरक्ष (parirakṣa) - protect! (protect! guard!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of parirakṣ

Prefix: pari

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira (Yudhisthira (proper name), firm in battle)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Yudhiṣṭhira

Yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name), firm in battle

Compound type : Aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  locative of yudh
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

एतत् (etat) - this (protecting Pārtha and Yudhiṣṭhira) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to the action of protecting.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

सर्वकार्याणाम् (sarvakāryāṇām) - of all tasks (of all actions, of all duties, of all tasks)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sarvakārya

sarvakārya - all actions, all duties, all tasks

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+kārya)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun (neuter)
• kārya – action, duty, task, to be done
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root √kṛ (to do) with suffix -ya.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

परमम् (paramam) - supreme (supreme, highest, foremost)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, foremost, utmost

Note: Agrees with 'kṛtyam'.

कृत्यम् (kṛtyam) - duty (kṛtya) (duty, action, task, that which is to be done)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛtya

kṛtya - duty, action, task, that which is to be done

Gerundive

Derived from root √kṛ (to do) with suffix -ya.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

आहवे (āhave) - in warfare (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, combat, war