महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-102, verse-77

पुनश्चातीत्य वेगेन द्रोणानीकमुपाद्रवत् ।
तमवारयदाचार्यो वेलेवोद्वृत्तमर्णवम् ॥७७॥

77. punaścātītya vegena droṇānīkamupādravat ,
tamavārayadācāryo velevodvṛttamarṇavam.

77. punaḥ ca atītya vegena droṇa-anīkam upādravat
tam avārayat ācāryaḥ velā iva uddhṛtam arṇavam

77. ca punaḥ vegena atītya droṇa-anīkam upādravat
ācāryaḥ uddhṛtam arṇavam velā iva tam avārayat

77. And again, having swiftly overcome, he rushed towards Drona's army. The preceptor (guru) Drona checked him, just as a shore checks a surging ocean.

Words meanings summery:

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore, once more

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अतीत्य (atītya) - having surpassed, having overcome, having passed by

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, quickly, swiftly

• द्रोण-अनीकम् (droṇa-anīkam) - Drona's army

• उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - he rushed towards, he attacked

• तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine)

• अवारयत् (avārayat) - he checked, he prevented, he warded off

• आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - Drona, the military preceptor (guru) of the Kauravas and Pandavas. (the preceptor, the teacher)

• वेला (velā) - shore, coast, limit, boundary

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उद्धृतम् (uddhṛtam) - swollen, raised, uplifted

• अर्णवम् (arṇavam) - ocean, sea

Words meanings and morphology

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore, once more

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अतीत्य (atītya) - having surpassed, having overcome, having passed by

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) derived from the verb root 'i' (to go) with the preverb 'ati' (beyond, over), indicating completion of the action.

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, quickly, swiftly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, impulse, current

Root: vij (class 6)

द्रोण-अनीकम् (droṇa-anīkam) - Drona's army

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of droṇa-anīka

droṇa-anīka - Drona's army

Compound noun referring to the army commanded by Drona.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+anīka)

• droṇa – Drona (a proper name, the preceptor of the Kauravas and Pandavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, host, array of battle
  noun (neuter)

उपाद्रवत् (upādravat) - he rushed towards, he attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upādravat

imperfect past tense

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of the verb root 'dru' (to run) with the preverb 'upa' (towards).

Prefix: upa

Root: dru (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अवारयत् (avārayat) - he checked, he prevented, he warded off

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of avārayat

imperfect past tense

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice (causative stem) of the verb root 'vṛ' (to cover, restrain) with the preverb 'ava' (down, off).

Prefix: ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)

आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - Drona, the military preceptor (guru) of the Kauravas and Pandavas. (the preceptor, the teacher)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide (guru)

वेला (velā) - shore, coast, limit, boundary

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of velā

velā - shore, boundary, time, season, high tide

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

उद्धृतम् (uddhṛtam) - swollen, raised, uplifted

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uddhṛta

uddhṛta - raised, uplifted, swollen, drawn out

past passive participle

Past Passive Participle of the verb root 'hṛ' (to carry, seize) with the preverb 'ud' (up, out).

Prefix: ud

Root: hṛ (class 1)

अर्णवम् (arṇavam) - ocean, sea

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of arṇava

arṇava - ocean, sea, wave

Root: ṛ (class 3)