महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-281, verse-94

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
एवमुक्त्वा स धर्मात्मा गुरुवर्ती गुरुप्रियः ।
उच्छ्रित्य बाहू दुःखार्तः सस्वरं प्ररुरोद ह ॥९४॥

94. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
evamuktvā sa dharmātmā guruvartī gurupriyaḥ ,
ucchritya bāhū duḥkhārtaḥ sasvaraṁ praruroda ha.

94. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca evam uktvā saḥ dharmātmā guruvartī
gurupriyaḥ ucchritya bāhū duḥkhārtaḥ sasvaram praruroda ha

94. Mārkaṇḍeya said: Having spoken thus, that righteous soul (dharma), who was devoted and dear to his guru, raised his arms and, afflicted by grief, wept loudly.

94. מָארְקַנְדֵיַה אמר, אחרי שאמר זאת, (סַטְיַוָאן) הצדיק, המסור להוריו ואוהב אותם, הרים את זרועותיו ובכה בקול רם, כואב מצער.

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेय (mārkaṇḍeya) - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, after saying

• सः (saḥ) - Satyavan (he, that)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - one whose nature (ātman) is righteousness (dharma), righteous soul

• गुरुवर्ती (guruvartī) - obedient to his guru, following his guru

• गुरुप्रियः (gurupriyaḥ) - dear to his guru

• उच्छ्रित्य (ucchritya) - having raised, lifting up

• बाहू (bāhū) - two arms

• दुःखार्तः (duḥkhārtaḥ) - distressed by sorrow, afflicted by pain

• सस्वरम् (sasvaram) - with sound, loudly

• प्ररुरोद (praruroda) - wept, cried

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (particle)

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेय (mārkaṇḍeya) - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root 'vac' (2nd class) in perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. The stem shows reduplication and an irregular vowel change.

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, after saying

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) formed from root 'vac' (to speak) + -tvā suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - Satyavan (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Satyavan.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - one whose nature (ātman) is righteousness (dharma), righteous soul

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous soul, one whose nature (ātman) is righteousness (dharma)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Satyavan.

गुरुवर्ती (guruvartī) - obedient to his guru, following his guru

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guruvartin

guruvartin - obedient to one's guru, following one's guru

Compound formed from 'guru' and 'vartin' (agent noun from root 'vṛt' to exist, proceed, act).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+vartin)

• guru – teacher, spiritual preceptor
  noun (masculine)
• vartin – abiding, being, acting, following
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  From root 'vṛt' (1st class) + -in suffix.
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to Satyavan.

गुरुप्रियः (gurupriyaḥ) - dear to his guru

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gurupriya

gurupriya - dear to the guru, liked by the guru

Compound formed from 'guru' and 'priya'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+priya)

• guru – teacher, spiritual preceptor
  noun (masculine)
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to Satyavan.

उच्छ्रित्य (ucchritya) - having raised, lifting up

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) formed from root 'śri' (1st class) with prefix 'ud' + -ya suffix.

Prefix: ud

Root: śri (class 1)

बाहू (bāhū) - two arms

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bāhu

bāhu - arm

Note: Dual form indicating both arms.

दुःखार्तः (duḥkhārtaḥ) - distressed by sorrow, afflicted by pain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - distressed by sorrow, afflicted by pain

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – suffering, sorrow, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ṛ' (3rd class) with prefix 'ā', meaning to be seized or afflicted.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Refers to Satyavan.

सस्वरम् (sasvaram) - with sound, loudly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial usage of the compound 'sa-svara' (with sound).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+svara)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• svara – sound, voice
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially.

प्ररुरोद (praruroda) - wept, cried

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of rud

Root 'rud' (2nd class) with prefix 'pra' in perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Shows reduplication.

Prefix: pra

Root: rud (class 2)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or narrative particle.

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