महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-281, verse-94

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
एवमुक्त्वा स धर्मात्मा गुरुवर्ती गुरुप्रियः ।
उच्छ्रित्य बाहू दुःखार्तः सस्वरं प्ररुरोद ह ॥९४॥

94. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
evamuktvā sa dharmātmā guruvartī gurupriyaḥ ,
ucchritya bāhū duḥkhārtaḥ sasvaraṁ praruroda ha.

94. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca evam uktvā saḥ dharmātmā guruvartī
gurupriyaḥ ucchritya bāhū duḥkhārtaḥ sasvaram praruroda ha

94. Mārkaṇḍeya said: Having spoken thus, that righteous soul (dharma), who was devoted and dear to his guru, raised his arms and, afflicted by grief, wept loudly.

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेय (mārkaṇḍeya) - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, after saying

• सः (saḥ) - Satyavan (he, that)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - one whose nature (ātman) is righteousness (dharma), righteous soul

• गुरुवर्ती (guruvartī) - obedient to his guru, following his guru

• गुरुप्रियः (gurupriyaḥ) - dear to his guru

• उच्छ्रित्य (ucchritya) - having raised, lifting up

• बाहू (bāhū) - two arms

• दुःखार्तः (duḥkhārtaḥ) - distressed by sorrow, afflicted by pain

• सस्वरम् (sasvaram) - with sound, loudly

• प्ररुरोद (praruroda) - wept, cried

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (particle)

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेय (mārkaṇḍeya) - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root 'vac' (2nd class) in perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. The stem shows reduplication and an irregular vowel change.

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, after saying

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) formed from root 'vac' (to speak) + -tvā suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - Satyavan (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Satyavan.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - one whose nature (ātman) is righteousness (dharma), righteous soul

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous soul, one whose nature (ātman) is righteousness (dharma)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Satyavan.

गुरुवर्ती (guruvartī) - obedient to his guru, following his guru

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guruvartin

guruvartin - obedient to one's guru, following one's guru

Compound formed from 'guru' and 'vartin' (agent noun from root 'vṛt' to exist, proceed, act).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+vartin)

• guru – teacher, spiritual preceptor
  noun (masculine)
• vartin – abiding, being, acting, following
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  From root 'vṛt' (1st class) + -in suffix.
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to Satyavan.

गुरुप्रियः (gurupriyaḥ) - dear to his guru

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gurupriya

gurupriya - dear to the guru, liked by the guru

Compound formed from 'guru' and 'priya'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+priya)

• guru – teacher, spiritual preceptor
  noun (masculine)
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to Satyavan.

उच्छ्रित्य (ucchritya) - having raised, lifting up

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) formed from root 'śri' (1st class) with prefix 'ud' + -ya suffix.

Prefix: ud

Root: śri (class 1)

बाहू (bāhū) - two arms

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bāhu

bāhu - arm

Note: Dual form indicating both arms.

दुःखार्तः (duḥkhārtaḥ) - distressed by sorrow, afflicted by pain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - distressed by sorrow, afflicted by pain

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – suffering, sorrow, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ṛ' (3rd class) with prefix 'ā', meaning to be seized or afflicted.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Refers to Satyavan.

सस्वरम् (sasvaram) - with sound, loudly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial usage of the compound 'sa-svara' (with sound).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+svara)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• svara – sound, voice
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially.

प्ररुरोद (praruroda) - wept, cried

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of rud

Root 'rud' (2nd class) with prefix 'pra' in perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Shows reduplication.

Prefix: pra

Root: rud (class 2)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or narrative particle.